Initial ISEE magnetometer results: magnetopause observations

The magnetic field profiles across the magnetopause obtained by the ISEE-1 and -2 spacecraft separated by only a few hundred kilometers are examined for four passes. During one of these passes the magnetosheath field was northward, during one it was slightly southward, and in two it was strongly southward. The velocity of the magnetopause is found to be highly irregular ranging from 4 to over 40 km s^-1 and varying in less time than it takes for a spacecraft to cross the boundary. Thicknesses ranged from 500 to over 1000 km.Clear evidence for reconnection is found in the data when the magnetosheath field is southward. However, this evidence is not in the form of classic rotational discontinuity signatures. Rather, it is in the form of flux transfer events, in which reconnection starts and stops in a matter of minutes or less, resulting in the ripping off of flux tubes from the magnetosphere. Evidence for flux transfer events can be found both in the magnetosheath and the outer magnetosphere due to their alteration of the boundary normal. In particular, their presence at the time of magnetopause crossings invalidates the usual 2-dimensional analysis of magnetopause structure. Not only are these flux transfer events probably the dominant means of reconnection on the magnetopause, but they may also serve as an important source of magnetopause oscillations, and hence of pulsations in the outer magnetosphere. On two days the flux transfer rate was estimated to be of the order of 2 × 10¹² Maxwells per second by the flux transfer events detected at ISEE. Events not detectable at ISEE and continued reconnection after passage of an FTE past ISEE could have resulted in an even greater reconnection rate at these times.     

山高刀具孔加工全新理念

山高完整的孔加工方案使客户运用单一的资源就能获得高质量的成品孔,甚至是一个成品零件的金属切削整体解决方案。山高的全球制造基地紧密合作,不仅着眼于单个零件加工,更注重整个应用,并开发互补的刀具。由于孔加工占用大量的生产时间,山高提供的有关钻削、铰削和镗削的完整服务方案帮助客户简化联络、采购、仓储、技术支持、咨询和工艺方案,降低每个孔的成本。对于大量生产、成批的零件或者难加工材料的加工,提供了一整套基于客户特定目标的孔加工解决方案。     

HBM测量系统在航空航天中的应用

RUAG公司用HBM测量系统进行飞机全尺寸疲劳试验瑞士RUAG公司的研究人员对瑞士版F/A-18战斗机的加强结构进行了大规模的综合试验研究,以验证飞机结构是否能满足较高的要求,达到所需的5000个飞行小时的工作寿命。     

突破有限元分析的极限

有限元法FEM分析变得日益复杂,同时有限元分析模型的大小和细节设计要求也在不断增加。由数百万个单元和数百万的自由度组成的有限元网格的模型已经变得司空见惯,然而模型的尺寸也在     

In memoriam Julius Bartels

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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In memoriam Julius Bartels

     

The role of soil science in space exploration

New frontiers in soil science are currently found in the investigation of soils in harsh, terrestrial and simulated extraterrestrial environments, the development of new methods and probes for soil characterization, and the eventual investigation, characterization, and development of extraterrestrial soil. Current aspects of space science involving soil studies are presented, including a more detailed soil study program involving the microflora of desert soil ecosystems. Basic precepts are given for preparation, investigation, and use of extraterrestrial soil.Contribution from the Bioscience Group of the Chemistry Section, Space Science Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. Presented as an invitational paper before the Synapsis Club, University of California, Riverside, California, December 3, 1962.     

Hydrocarbons in terrestrial samples and the Orgueil meteorite

Meteorites contain extraterrestrial carbonaceous materials. The Alais, Orgueil, Tonk, and Ivuna meteorites resemble in their carbon, free sulfur, and non-metamorphosed mineral contents, densities, and general appearances certain organic-rich terrestrial sediments. Structural and isotopic determinations of carbon compounds in the Orgueil chondrite indicate that these compounds are primarily indigenous. Physically and chemically the benzene extractable carbonaceous materials from the Orgueil and certain near-surface terrestrial sediments are similar. Mass spectrometric type analyses of the alkanes from an Orgueil fragment, terrestrial sediments and organisms are statistically indistinguishable at the 95 per cent confidence level. Theoretical considerations and experimental data are presented, and these permit an assessment of the potential and reliability of hydrocarbons as biological indicators. Based on the production and preservation or organic substances in terrestrial environments, alkanes in the Alais, Orgueil, Tonk, and Ivuna (Type I) carbonaceous chondrites could retain the best evidence of organisms that may have lived on a parent body of meteorites.A portion of the research reported in this article was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. NASw 508.