Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

基于套裁的复合材料铺叠料片排版技术研究

从实际生产经验出发,探索了提高材料利用率的方法。通过对矩形和异形铺叠料片算法分析,制定了最佳放置策略规则。通过对蒙皮余量的修改工艺性验证后,对余量设置提供了参考依据,创造性地提出了通用零件余量设定原则,减少由于余量设置不精确造成的浪费。通过套裁方案的实施,切实有效地减少了材料的浪费,提高了原材料的利用率。     

Mesh-dependence of Material with Softening Behavior

The issue of mesh-dependence emerges when the conventional continuum damage model is applied to handling the softening behavior. In order to circumvent the mesh-dependence, the non-local theory is introduced into the conventional damage model and the finite element formulas are derived for two-dimensional gradient-enhanced damage model. A new element is proposed in which the basic unknown quantities are displacement, non-local equivalent strain and the gradient of non-local equivalent strain. The element and constitutive equation proposed in this article are added to the finite element software ABAQUS through user subroutine UEL. Numerical results show that the gradient-enhanced damage model can eliminate the mesh-dependence and is effective for dealing with the issue of softening behavior.     

DELMIA在某民机前货舱门装配仿真中的应用

在现代自动化作业系统中,操作和管理的大多是一些复杂系统和各种数字化设备,这对操作人员观察周围环境和完成精准操作任务的要求很高。通过人机工程技术分析,可以对这些复杂、易错的任务逐个分析,合理分配注意力、安排操作顺序,既减轻操作人员的工作负荷又避免出错,切实提高人机工效。     

EBE技术在结构分析中的应用（Ⅰ）─EBE矩阵向量乘积方法及其实现

矩阵向量乘积运算是数值分析领域中的一种基本运算。本文基于单元分组技术，提出了在有限元结构分析中，当不形成总刚度矩阵而进行矩阵向量乘积的ＥＢＥ计算方法。该方法不仅预处理过程简单，实现容易，而且其并行化、向量化处理都极为直接。同时，数值试验结果还表明了它的有效性。     

模具工业发展中的几个问题

叙述了对模具工业地位与作用的认识 ,分析了我国加入世贸组织对模具工业的影响 ,并提出了发展模具工业的政策措施建议。     

不同型线结构船艏表面压力特性对比实验研究

为优选船艏结构型线方案,在风洞中针对三个在结构型线上仅有细微差别的船艏方案进行表面压力特性对比测试。实验获得了各型线方案模型表面压力空间分布特性和压力脉动特性,并通过表面压力特性的综合对比进行了结构型线评估,为船艏的结构型线设计提供直接的技术依据。     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

变体平尾翼型气动外形设计方法

为了使飞机在控制飞行姿态时仍然能保持最优升阻比,提出了一种通过改变翼型形状来代替传统控制舵面来控制飞机俯仰的方法。采用伯恩斯坦多项式对机翼的翼型进行数学建模,并采用遗传算法通过空气动力学仿真对翼型进行优化得到一组在一定飞行环境下、产生附加阻力最小且随升力系数变化的翼型形状。通过对比证明在提供相同升力的情况下,变体翼比传统的控制舵面产生更小的附加阻力。根据翼型形状和升力系数的变化采用数据拟合的方法得到翼型形状控制参数随升力变化的规律。通过算例对变化规律的验证表明其可以用来作为飞行姿态控制的翼型形状变化依据。