印制电路板视觉检测系统

本文对印制电路板视觉检测进行了深入地讨论,印制电路板视觉检测即要求检测出印制电路板上的几何缺陷,用计算机来代替人的视觉,介绍了图像的配准,图像的分割及故障点的识别。     

基于H.323协议的分布式网守研究

基于H.323协议的视讯会议系统的可扩展性与网守(GK,Gatekeeper)结构密切相关.提出了一种多区域分 布式网守架构, 提供了多媒体视讯会议系统在大规模网络部署的方案.这种分布式结构不仅 克服了集中式和分层式模型的缺点,还很好地解决了网守之间的负载平衡问题.终端之间的 跨区域通信通过基于别名规则的信令消息路由方法来实现,网守通过扩散和逆向学习法自动 生成信令消息散列表.考虑到网守之间的负载平衡问题,本架构在区域内采用集中式管理模 型,并提出了基于负载因子最小平衡算法(BLFA,Balancing Load Factor Algorithm)的网守负载平衡解决方案.      

矩形通道内气膜出流对内换热的影响规律

研究对象为矩形通道,包括2个直肋和9个气膜孔,主要研究气膜的出流比、开孔率对通道内换热的影响,温度场的测量采用了热色液晶测温技术.实验发现气膜出流对换热有强化作用,气膜孔对通道平均换热影响也与其在肋间的位置有关,其中肋后孔的影响最大.在不同的雷诺数下,开一个气膜孔时,出流比在6%~8%之间通道壁面内换热效果最好,低雷诺数下增强换热的效果显著;研究孔边的换热规律发现,在孔下游换热明显增强,从孔边到下游5倍孔直径处,强化换热比在1.1倍以上;此外还研究了开孔率对增强换热的影响规律.      

层板内冷通道辐射换热影响

分析了层板换热过程,使用了"去除复杂表面"和"无限大平板" 等假设,给出了该假设下层板内腔辐射换热计算公式.又以一特定几何结构的层板模型为例,使用了3维流体力学计算程序求解了流-固耦合情况下的层板内部换热过程,研究了其在4种航空发动机典型工作状态下,内冷通道中的对流和辐射换热情况,得到了辐射与对流换热强度之比θ随冷气入口Re数和燃气加热功率的变化曲线,并对该曲线进行了指数拟合.建立了一套快速简捷计算层板内腔辐射状况的方法,为层板内腔换热研究是否应该忽略辐射,以及对层板冷却效果的修正,提供了一定的判断和计算依据.      

开槽交错肋通道换热和流阻特性

对一种特殊结构的涡轮叶片内冷通道——开槽交错肋通道进行了换热和流阻的测量实验.全部的实验都在静止的状态下完成,其中换热实验采用了水蒸气凝结换热方案.实验的 Re数范围从5 000~45 000,得到了大量关于开槽交错肋涡轮叶片内冷通道的实验数据,并将结果与不开槽交错肋通道作出对比,得出一定槽宽的开槽交错肋通道相比于相同尺寸的不开槽交错肋通道,换热效果有了明显的提高,而流阻系数相应有所减小,所以整体换热效果优于不开槽通道.此外,对于不同槽宽通道的各项特性也进行了实验对比.得出 4 mm开槽交错肋通道的换热效果最好,接下来依次是2 mm、6 mm和8mm的通道.      

复合材料层板的瞬态动响应分析

本文用混合杂交单元分析复合材料层板的瞬态动力响应。针对纤维增强复合材料层板的特点,综合考虑精确性和经济性,对于较薄的板采用Mindlin直线假设的位移模式;对于较厚的层板提出分段折线假设的位移模式,并讨论了其适用范围。对动响应分析采用振型叠加法和Wilson-θ积分法确定层板对突加载荷的动挠度和动应力。最后,通过各种数值算例考查本文方法的有效性。     

Grindability and Surface Integrity of Cast Nickel-based Superalloy in Creep Feed Grinding with Brazed CBN Abrasive Wheels

The technique of creep feed grinding is most suitable for geometrical shaping, and therefore has been expected to improve effectively material removal rate and surface quality of components with complex profile. This article studies experimentally the effects of process parameters (i.e. wheel speed, workpiece speed and depth of cut) on the grindability and surface integrity of cast nickel-based superalloys, i.e. K424, during creep feed grinding with brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive wheels. Some important factors, such as grinding force and temperature, specific grinding energy, size stability, surface topography, microhardness and microstructure alteration of the sub-surface, residual stresses, are investigated in detail. The results show that during creep feed grinding with brazed CBN wheels, low grinding temperature at about 100 °C is obtained though the specific grinding energy of nickel-based superalloys is high up to 200-300 J/mm³. A combination of wheel speed 22.5 m/s, workpiece speed 0.1 m/min, depth of cut 0.2 mm accomplishes the straight grooves with the expected dimensional accuracy. Moreover, the compressive residual stresses are formed in the burn-free and crack-free ground surface.     

6056铝合金-XC18低碳钢板材激光钎接焊的可行性研究

通过激光钎接焊工艺试验,分析了YAG激光加热工艺参数对铝熔体润湿钢表面性能的影响,以激光骑缝束斑加热法验证了6056铝-XC18钢激光搭接钎接焊的可行性.     

Dimension Accuracy and Surface Integrity of Creep Feed Ground Titanium Alloy with Monolayer Brazed CBN Shaped Wheels

Titanium alloy tenon is creep feed ground with monolayer brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) shaped wheels. The dimension accuracy of the tenon is assessed and the results indicate that it completely meets the requirement of blade tenon of aero-engine. Residual stresses, surface roughness, microstructure and microhardness are measured on ground surfaces of the specimen, which are all compared with that ground with vitrified CBN wheels. Under all the circumstances, compressive residual stress is obtained and the depth of the machining affected zone is found to be less than 40 μm. No phase transformation is observed at depths of up to 100 μm below the surface, though plastic deformation is visible in the process of grain refinement. The residual stress and microhardness of specimens ground with brazed CBN wheels are observed to be lower than those ground with vitrified ones. The arithmetic mean roughness (R_a) values obtained are all below 0.8 μm.     

Design of Time-constrained Guidance Laws via Virtual Leader Approach

Guidance problems with flight time constraints are considered in this article. A new virtual leader scheme is used for design of guidance laws with time constraints. The core idea of this scheme is to adopt a virtual leader for real missiles to convert a guidance problem with time constraints to a nonlinear tracking problem, thereby making it possible to settle the problem with a variety of control methods. A novel time-constrained guidance (TCG) law, which can control the flight time of missiles to a prescribed time, is designed by using the virtual leader scheme and stability method. The TCG law is a combination of the well-known proportional navigation guidance(PNG) law and the feedback of flight time error. What's more, this law is free of singularities and hence yields better performances in comparison with optimal guidance laws with time constraints. Nonlinear simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed law.