基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

星地动态双向时间同步与测距算法

针对卫星运动对星地距离和钟差测量的不利影响,提出一种基于最小二乘拟合的星地动态双向时间同步与测距算法。在建立星地可视模型基础上,仿真了MEO运动卫星与地面时间同步站之间星地距离的变化规律,分析了卫星运动对星地双向时间同步与测距的主要不利影响。该算法首先利用星地双向时间同步数据分别生成星地距离和钟差拟合多项式,然后联合求解出运动卫星误差最小的星地距离与钟差。实验结果表明了该算法的合理性和科学性,在包含仿真误差的条件下,其时间同步精度优于3ns,测距精度优于3m。将其应用到各种空天应用系统的星地时间同步与测距中,可以消除卫星运动对双向时间同步与测距的不利影响,提高时间同步与测距精度。     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

基于光照模糊相似融合不变矩的航天器目标识别

针对航天器目标识别中现有的光照变化和图像模糊条件下几何仿射不变矩识别不稳健问题,根据灰度光照模型,结合图像模糊和不变矩的基本理论,提出了一种光照模糊不变量,与几何仿射不变矩进行融合,构建出一种新的光照模糊相似融合（CIBA）不变矩,并从理论上证明了光照、模糊和相似变换（平移、缩放和旋转）不变性。对3种不同的航天器目标的识别实验表明,光照模糊相似融合不变矩在最小距离分类器中的识别准确率达到了86.37%,比几何仿射不变矩提高了94.00%,比具有光照不变性的几何仿射不变矩提高了24.54%,有效地解决了对不同位姿、不同光照模糊条件下的航天器目标识别问题,提高了基于矩的目标识别鲁棒性。     

VTS雷达站选址问题优化模型

船舶交通管理系统（VTS,Vessel Traffic Services）雷达站选址方案对整个系统的功能正常发挥有重要影响.首先运用多层次模糊综合评价方法对雷达站候选点进行初选;然后建立了雷达站选址双目标优化模型,第1目标为总成本最小,包括雷达站的建设成本和雷达站与VTS中心的线路铺设成本,第2目标为被多重覆盖的水域单元权重之和最大;最后针对模型设计了遗传算法.算例分析显示,模糊综合评价可能去掉一些候选点,使得目标函数值变差,但是增加了方案的实际可行性.将程序运行10次,计算结果具有稳定性,本算法是收敛和稳定的,模型是可行的.     

以PRETCO为例,浅析高职英语阅读测试任务的设计

高职英语测试的重点是考核学生真实的英语应用能力.任务型阅读测试能较好地适应高职英语测试的需要.本文通过对PRETCO阅读测试任务设计的分析,从测试目标、测试方式、选材和题型等方面提出改进高职英语阅读测试的设想.     

某大型低温运载火箭无人值守加注发射技术研究

针对提升和保障航天发射人员安全问题,提出了低温运载火箭无人值守加注发射(CLVUFL)的理念和内涵.通过国内外代表性CLVUFL的技术对比,发现国内低温火箭加注发射应用CLVUFL技术存在箭地接口复杂、加注发射时间较长、关键设备可靠性有待提高、智能化自动化程度不高等主要问题.针对某大型低温运载火箭加注发射流程,通过分析...     

长期贮存固体火箭发动机安全性评估

为评估长期贮存后固体火箭发动机安全性的变化,对贮存时间为18年的某型固体火箭发动机进行了解剖.测试并比较了经过长期贮存后发动机药柱的力学性能和各种感度,而后进行了长期贮存后推进剂和发动机试件的枪击试验,各种试验项目中均利用贮存期为4年的推进剂方坯进行对比.结果表明:长期贮存后推进剂热安全特性变化不明显,但撞击感度和摩擦感度明显增加并且在枪弹高速冲击下破碎严重,长期贮存后发动机在模拟枪击试验中表现出爆炸倾向,使用安全性大大降低.      

单音干扰下扩频测控信号伪码跟踪性能研究

扩频测控信号的伪码跟踪性能直接关系到测控系统的测距精度。以伪码跟踪环中鉴相曲线平衡点的过零偏移为研究对象,推导了音频干扰条件下扩频测控信号伪码跟踪的干扰最大误差;并针对干扰最大误差需考虑具体鉴相算法的特点,提出基于相关曲线主瓣的二阶中心矩扩展因子的性能评价方法。该方法利用伪码相关曲线主瓣在干扰前后的畸变情况,反映干扰对伪码跟踪性能的影响。仿真分析表明,干扰最大误差的理论及仿真结果和二阶中心矩扩展因子所得结论一致,从而验证了干扰最大误差理论的正确性以及所提性能指标的有效性。