ADN基推力器热回浸对毛细管微尺度流动特性影响的数值模拟研究

小推力ADN基推力器在工作中,其毛细管内的推进剂容易在壁面传热作用下发生相变,进而影响推力器的正常工作。为了深入理解推进剂在毛细管内的相变和流动特性,采用三维数值模拟方法对毛细管微尺度流动和相变特性进行计算。计算考虑了毛细管与喷注器内的流固耦合传热、推进剂相变过程。推进剂相变采用Lee模型,气液体积分数的求解和气液界面捕捉重构采用VOF-CSF方法。本文首次采用VOF模型耦合Lee相变模型计算了ADN基推进剂在毛细管内的相变过程,并结合气泡空间分布仿真结果得到了质量流量和热回浸温度对流动特性的影响规律。计算结果显示,受到ADN基推进剂的冷却作用,毛细管内壁面温度要略低于外表面。毛细管内的气泡形成于弯管处,其体积沿着毛细管轴向下游逐渐增加,采取散热措施可减少并推迟气泡的形成。随着ADN基推进剂质量流量的降低或下游热回浸温度的增加,毛细管内的气泡均显著增加,且形成区域更接近上游区域。当热回浸温度从800K增加至1100K时,毛细管内的气泡体积从25.6mm~3增加至58.7mm~3。     

基于FPGA的星敏感器探测器制冷控制系统

星敏感器探测器用于得到精确的星图数据以解算出高精度的位置、姿态等信息。而星敏感器在轨运行时,需要控制探测器的工作温度,使其工作性能稳定可靠。文章提出了一种基于FPGA的星敏感器探测器制冷控制系统。该系统采用分段式数字PID控制算法生成脉冲宽度调制PWM波驱动半导体制冷器进行高精度制冷,电路结构简单、可靠性高。通过试验验证,该系统具有制冷响应快、超调量小、控温精度高的特点,控温精度可达±0.25℃。     

超细铝粉燃烧特性初探

实验和理论分析说明超细铝粉的燃烧特性不同于一般铝粉（Ｄ＝１０－３０μＭ）。其原因是在推进剂燃面铝粉的表面氧化反应产生的热量足以使超细铝粉点火燃烧，所以超细铝粉在剂燃面并发发生明显凝聚行为，而是倾向于单颗铝粒点火。因此，合理使用超细铝粉可使某些推进剂性能得到较明显的改善。     

民用飞机系列商载航程匹配设计

民用飞机产品开发的模式已从"单型飞机"的概念向"飞机系列"概念转化.根据模块化和通用性的策略,发展了飞机系列化设计方法,给出了飞机系列主要参数的设计原则和飞机系列经济性的描述方法,建立了飞机系列商载航程匹配设计模型.分析了商载和航程的匹配关系对飞机系列经济性的影响,利用Pareto多目标遗传算法,完成了某一民用飞机系列商载和航程的匹配设计,对不同设计方案的参数进行了比较分析,取得了较好的设计结果.     

Cooperative task assignment of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles using a modified genetic algorithm with multi-type genes

The task assignment problem of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）, concerned with cooperative decision making and control, is studied in this paper. The heterogeneous vehicles have different operational capabilities and kinematic constraints, and carry limited resources （e.g., weapons） onboard. They are designated to perform multiple consecutive tasks cooperatively on multiple ground targets. The problem becomes much more complicated because of these terms of heterogeneity. In order to tackle the challenge, we modify the former genetic algorithm with multi-type genes to stochastically search a best solution. Genes of chromo- somes are different, and they are assorted into several types according to the tasks that must be performed on targets. Different types of genes are processed specifically in the improved genetic operators including initialization, crossover, and mutation. We also present a mirror representation of vehicles to deal with the limited resource constraint. Feasible chromosomes that vehicles could perform tasks using their limited resources under the assignment are created and evolved by genetic operators. The effect of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in numerical simulations. The results show that it effectively provides good feasible solutions and finds an optimal one.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

一种基于小波变换的伪码跟踪环路多径抑制方法

多径效应是GPS等卫星导航系统的重要误差源之一,严重影响导航系统的性能。针对多径效应,在分析了多径信号模型和伪码自相关函数特征的基础上,提出了一种基于小波变换的多径抑制方法。该方法利用自相关函数曲线斜率突变点位置不受多径信号影响的特性,通过小波变换检测其斜率突变点位置,进而利用得到的鉴相误差调整码相位,达到多径抑制的目的。仿真结果表明,该方法不受多径条数的影响,鉴相结果更准确,多径抑制能力得到显著提高。
     

涡轮叶片微小通道气膜新型复合冷却结构设计

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了一种应用于涡轮导向器叶片的微小通道气膜新型复合冷却结构.重点是对微小通道和气膜孔的新型复合冷却方法进行结构设计并进行结构优化,探讨不同的冷却结构形式对流动和换热的影响.研究表明:不同的复合冷却结构对冷却效率和压力损失的影响不同;在所设计的几种复合结构中,分枝小通道结构在平衡冷却效率和压力损失方面有着较好的效果;所计算的几种复合结构的结果都显示,微小通道气膜新型复合冷却结构的冷却效率高于铸冷叶片的冷却效率,冷却效果好,具有巨大的应用前景.     

考虑人及组织因素的航天工程项目风险分析模型

针对人及组织因素是造成航天工程项目风险的重要原因,在揭示了人及组织因素产生航天工程项目风险的机理基础上,构建了考虑人及组织因素的航天工程项目风险分析模型。模型首先评价人及组织因素对航天工程元器件建造工作质量的影响,接着测度工作质量与不同缺陷类型之间的一致性概率,并应用Poisson分布计算缺陷严重性,最后根据贝叶斯定理对元器件先验失效率进行修正,通过一个经过数据处理的航天工程项目对所构建的模型和方法进行了验证。     

对数正态分布寿命型序贯验证试验方法

借鉴指数分布寿命型序贯验证试验方案的思想,讨论了以平均寿命为指标的对数正态分布寿命型产品序贯验证试验的制定方法,给出了序贯试验的试验程序,研究了截尾状态下序贯试验的生产方风险和使用方风险的上限.基于工程实际的抽样方法,给出了计算机仿真评价方法,对给出的序贯试验方案进行评价.评价结果表明,在样本量和截尾数满足要求的前提下,所提出的序贯验证试验方法能够满足对双方风险的控制要求,且对使用方风险提供了更大的保护.