航天器扫描镜成像位置误差补偿技术

研究地球静止轨道航天器两自由度扫描镜成像位置误差补偿问题,即通过对扫描角的补偿,使光轴在地球表面的成像点位置与标称位置相同,消除探测区域的位置偏差.在考虑扫描镜法线偏移、姿态偏差以及轨道误差条件下,推导了光轴成像点的地心经纬度计算公式.给出了上述3类误差的具体描述方式,并分析了各种误差对光轴成像点位置的影响关系.基于角度误差的小量假设条件,给出了扫描镜的步进角/扫描角补偿量的显式算法.针对法线偏移信息一般难以准确测量的问题,提出了一种利用扫描镜在特定工作模式下的光轴惯性空间定向能力和法线偏移的长周期特性对其进行估计的方法.仿真结果表明,所提出的补偿方案和算法能够显著提高成像点位置精度.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

基于试验设计-遗传算法的船用柴油机冷却系统多目标优化

为了获取某型船用柴油机冷却系统的最佳运行参数,在柴油机可靠运行的前提下,尽量提升动力性和经济性。建立了柴油机工作过程-燃烧室-冷却系统耦合仿真模型,提出试验设计-遗传算法优化算法,该算法具备节省试验成本和多目标全局寻优的优势,选取柴油机的6个典型推进工况点进行研究,采用该算法对冷却系统运行参数开展多目标优化设计,优化设计以海、淡水泵转速为变量因子,以提升动力性参数和经济性参数为目标,以涡前排温、淡水出机温度和峰值缸压为约束条件,优化后,在低负荷点,淡、海水泵节省功耗79.4%、71.73%,扭矩提升7.2%,有效功率提升7.6%,热效率提升8%,耗油率降低6.73%,摩擦功降低9.71%,峰值缸压降低5%。研究结果表明：耦合仿真模型与实机更加贴近;试验设计-遗传算法在解决强耦合、非线性系统的多目标优化问题具备成本低、效率高、精度高的优点。     

A neutral gas mass spectrometer to measure the chemical composition of the stratosphere

The Polar Balloon Atmospheric Composition Experiment (P-BACE) is a new generation of neutral gas mass spectrometer based on the time-of-flight principle. P-BACE is the scientific experiment on the Mars Environment Analog Platform (MEAP) flown successfully on a balloon mission in summer 2008. The MEAP mission was flown with a 334,000 m³ helium balloon in the stratosphere on a semicircular trajectory from northern Sweden around the North Pole to Canada using the summer northern hemispheric wind current. The atmospheric conditions at an atmospheric altitude of 35–40 km are remarkably similar to those on the surface of Mars and thus the balloon mission was an ideal testbed for our mass spectrometer P-BACE. Originally this instrument was designed for in situ measurements of the chemical composition of the Martian atmosphere.P-BACE has a unique mass range from 0 to 1000 amu/q with a mass resolution m/Δm (FWHM) > 1000, and the dynamic range is at least six orders of magnitude. During this experiment, the acquisition of one mass spectrum is a sum of 65,535 single spectra, recorded in a time frame of 66 s.The balloon mission lasted 5 days and had successfully demonstrated the functionality of the P-BACE instrument during flight conditions. We had recorded more than 4500 mass spectra. With little modifications, P-BACE can be used on a planetary mission for Mars, but for example also for Venus or Mercury, if placed on a satellite.     

基于.NET的签派岗前风险提示系统的设计与实现

针对签派放行非执勤期难以获取运行信息,交班时间不足以全面提示风险信息的缺点,设计并实现了一种基于.NET平台的飞行签派岗前风险提示系统。首先,设计了系统与组网架构,根据航空公司运行指挥部门的架构,将用户的权限分为管理员、高级用户和普通用户,分别对应席位的维护人员、放行主班和席位值班员。其次,分析了软件的需求,根据签派放行中的实际工作流程,提出软件应具有客户端身份验证模块、信息圈阅模块、信息查询模块、信息录入模块、信息审核模块,并阐述了这些模块的逻辑关系和具体实现方法。再次,通过放行签派员的情景意识规律,建立了一种基于TOPSIS的信息重要度排序机制,将重要信息优先提示。最后,通过C#语言实现了该软件,并验证了该软件在航空公司实际一线运行中的运行效果。     

HSDB网络稳定性的研究

高速数据总线（ＨｉｇｈＳｐｅｅｄＤａｔａＢｕｓ,ＨＳＤＢ）是新一代航空电子系统的数据总路线,ＨＳＤＢ网络实际上是基于线性令牌总线的一个专用计算机局域网,在网络上负载较重且时间非苛刻的消息到达是一般过程的条件十分别讨论了网络的局域和全域稳定性,并导出了保证整个网络稳定的令牌握有定时器最小值,同时给出了如何根据应用去调整得到的理论值。     

Beamspace ML bearing estimation incorporating low-angle geometry

A problem in low-angle radar tracking, namely, bearing estimation in the presence of a strong specular multipath component that arrives within the beamwidth of the direct path signal, is studied. Three-dimensional beamspace domain maximum likelihood (3D-BDML) is a computationally simple ML bearing estimation algorithm applicable in this scenario which operates in a 3-D beamspace. A variation of 3D-BDML incorporating the multipath geometry as a priori information is presented. In symmetric 3D-BDML the pointing angle of the center beam is equal to the bisector angle between the direct path ray and the image ray, which may be estimated a priori given only the radar height and the target range. The effect of the inclusion of a priori information on the performance of 3D-BDML is analyzed in terms of the dependence on the relative phase difference between the direct and specular path signals, the sensitivity to error in the bisector angle estimate, and the results of operation when no specular multipath component is present in the data. In addition, computationally simple schemes for coherently incorporating multifrequency data into 3D-BDML are investigated     

GH169合金细晶锻造工艺研究

为了提高涡轮盘的强度和低周疲劳性能,要求锻件具有ASTM10级以上的细晶组织国外在大型压力机上采用低温大变形锻造和直接时效热处理以获得性能良好的细晶锻件,而我国则试图采用锻锤生产GH169合金涡轮盘锻件,因此,需要探索适合国情的GH169合金细晶锻造工艺。根据以往的研究,δ相对GH169合金的显微组织有明显影响,因而可     

2 冲程直喷煤油发动机空燃比控制方法

为了保障2冲程直喷煤油发动机高效、稳定地运行,对其空燃比控制方法进行了研究。采用机理建模和试验数据建模相结合的方法,建立了2冲程直喷煤油发动机平均值模型,包括扫气模型和燃油油量模型。在扫气模型建模过程中,分别对进气道、曲轴箱、气缸进行了分析;燃油油量模型考虑了气缸温度对燃油蒸发效果的影响,并引入了燃油蒸发系数。对2冲程发动机扫气过程进行了分析,通过台架试验得到了不同工况下的扫气效率、扫气比和捕获率等扫气参数。基于Matlab/Simulink建立了空燃比前馈控制器,并进行了台架试验验证。结果表明：控制器能够满足空燃比的控制要求,最大误差为10%左右,该误差产生的原因为燃油油量模型和扫气模型存在系统误差,但是燃油油量模型的系统误差影响较小,可以忽略。