A100钢表面粗糙度与HVOF碳化钨涂层结合强度

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法在AerMet100钢(A100钢)基体上制备了WC10Co4Cr涂层,研究了不同喷砂条件对AerMet100钢表面粗糙度变化及对涂层与基体结合强度的影响.之后将涂层使用化学方法退除,观察涂层制备对AerMet100钢基体表面状态的影响,分析了粗糙度与涂层结合强度之间的关系.结果表明:AerMet100钢基体不同吹砂工艺产生的表面粗糙度 S_a=0.994~4.983 μm时,超音速火焰喷涂WC10Co4Cr涂层的结合强度均不低于72 MPa.喷涂涂层过程对基体表面状态没有较大影响:基体粗糙度 S_a<2 μm时,喷涂后,基体表面的粗糙度略有降低;基体粗糙度 S_a>3 μm时,喷涂后,基体粗糙度略有升高.超音速火焰喷涂的碳化钨钴涂层与AerMet100钢基体的结合同时存在物理与机械力结合,以前者为主要结合力.     

基于自适应心跳算法的分布式系统故障检测器

故障检测是容错分布式系统中的关键技术之一.为了提高故障检测的性能,提出一种新型的故障检测器——自适应心跳检测器(SA-HD, Self-Adaptive Heartbeat Detector).SA-HD采用了基于拉式(pull)的自适应心跳算法,在考虑故障检测性能的同时也考虑了心跳检测所占用的网络资源对网络性能的影响.SA-HD能够根据网络负载调节自身发送心跳消息的频率,提高了心跳检测的网络环境适应能力,尤其是在高负载的环境下,能够有效改善心跳检测的性能.建立了SA-HD的模型,对其性能进行了仿真分析,并通过试验验证了SA-HD性能要优于传统推式(push)的心跳检测器.     

一种用于破碎岩土的异型弹芯撞击响应分析

为探索射弹破岩方法,对一种截面为“风机叶片”式的异型弹芯的撞击原理进行了系统分析,在此基础上构建了其撞击过程的一维动力学响应模型,计算获得了该弹芯的运动变化特征参数,并讨论了关键结构参数对撞击特性的影响.结果表明：该弹芯撞击过程中头、尾速度之间为线性关系,近似满足伯努利方程;同时,减少头部内倾角,增加预制刻槽数目均有利于扩大对异型弹芯对岩体的横向破岩范围.     

Modelling and observing Jovian electron propagation times in the inner heliosphere

The propagation of Jovian electrons in interplanetary space was modelled by solving the relevant transport equation numerically through the use of stochastic differential equations. This approach allows us to calculate, for the first time, the propagation time of Jovian electrons from the Jovian magnetosphere to Earth. Using observed quiet-time increases of electron intensities at Earth, we also derive values for this quantity. Comparing the modelled and observed propagation times we can gauge the magnitude of the transport parameters sufficiently to place a limit on the 6 MeV Jovian electron flux reaching Earth. We also investigate how the modelled propagation time, and corresponding Jovian electron flux, varies with the well-known ∼13 month periodicity in the magnetic connectivity of Earth and Jupiter. The results show that the Jovian electron intensity varies by a factor of ∼10 during this cycle of magnetic connectivity.     

测量时刻偏差对单星定轨误差的影响分析

为评估测量时刻偏差对单星定轨等效测量误差的影响,根据单星定轨处理策略分析了其理论模型,指出测站接收机的测量时刻偏差由测站时钟钟差以及测量时刻不准确度等组成。试验数据分析表明,测站钟差经一阶多项式拟合后的残差可近似为零均值的测量噪声;数值仿真结果表明,卫星信号发射时刻1ms误差导致GEO、IGSO、MEO三种卫星的等效测距误差分别为006cm、40cm、80cm。     

基于多失效模式的扭簧可靠性优化分析

基于广义应力 广义强度分布干涉理论和单一失效模式下扭簧可靠性计算模型,建立了多失效模式下扭簧可靠度优化数学模型,采用规格化加权法进行各失效模式影响相同（等失效效应）和有差异（非等失效效应）两种情况下的扭簧可靠度计算。在给定扭簧结构和工况约束条件下,应用提出的计算模型和技术进行了失效模式影响相同和有差异的基于可靠度最大的扭簧结构优化,与非优化结构的扭簧可靠度的比较,以及这两种情况下的扭簧可靠度比较。结果表明,提出的可靠度优化模型和方法是可靠和有效的,对于航天工程中零部件的可靠性优化分析具有很好的借鉴作用。     

基于超声波的移动机器人多目标探测定位方法

为了使移动机器人能够对离散的多个目标进行准确的探测定位,提出了一种新的超声波智能探测方法.采用3个收发一体的超声换能器阵列发送近似的平面声波波束,并建立空间坐标系.3个探头定时发送超声波脉冲,同时数字信号处理器采集并分析接收到的回波信号,在给定的算法下滤除杂波、识别提取回波首波、二次回波和三次回波等特征信号数据,在正确检测出各路波束的回波时间后,通过计算给出多个被测物体的准确定位.实验采用了杆件物体作为被测对象,对回波信号进行高速数据采集处理后计算出被测目标的坐标值,比较了计算物位与实测物位数据,结果验证了该方法的可行性与正确性.      

The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

基于伪寿命的加速退化机理一致性边界检验

根据寿命型随机变量的加速机理一致性条件,提出一种基于伪寿命的加速退化机理一致性边界检验方法,通过由低到高逐一对各个加速应力水平下的退化机理一致性进行检验,来确定加速退化机理一致性的边界应力水平.针对工程常用的两类寿命型分布——对数正态分布和Weibull分布,分别以对数标准差和形状参数为退化机理表征量,在产品伪寿命估计的基础上建立了退化机理表征量齐性检验的F统计量,导出了退化机理一致性检验拒绝域的解析式,给出了退化机理一致性边界检验的具体步骤.该方法能够充分利用多个应力水平下表征产品退化机理一致的横向信息,有效提高了检验的精度.以某镀膜平板玻璃热退化机理一致性边界温度的确定为例,分析说明了该方法的合理性与有效性.     

粘弹性材料非局域声阻抗模型及参数优化

针对敷设粘弹性材料的刚体声散射问题提出了一种利用等效非局域阻抗基本代数模型计算表面声阻抗矩阵的方法.并以敷设粘弹性材料的球体为例,采用全局收敛移动近似算法(GCMMA, Globally Convergent Method of Moving Asymptotes)对非局域声阻抗代数模型的参数进行了优化,使其声散射计算结果与使用有限元得到的结果一致.研究表明:等效非局域阻抗基本代数模型可以应用于表面敷设粘弹性材料球体声散射的数值计算,为研究潜艇等复杂水下目标的声散射提供了有效的途径.