Representing a stable environment by egocentric updating and invariant representations

To represent a stable environment despite the experience of changes during self movements, one can either develop an invariant allocentric representation, or update the egocentric representations as one moves. Using a disorientation paradigm, three sets of studies investigated these mechanisms in human navigation and scene recognition. Accuracy in the configuration of multiple object localization is impaired by disorientation, an effect not due to artifacts such as memory deterioration over time, intervening physical activities, uncertainty in self position and orientation, etc., suggesting one can locate objects primarily by updating their egocentric positions as she or he moves. Disorientation also impaired the judgment of changes to a scene after viewer movements, suggesting a similar egocentric updating process. On the contrary, representation of the shape of the surroundings is invariant and persists through disorientation. The coexistence of multiple mechanisms may increase the flexibility and robustness of the system.     

再入体激波层和近尾流热辐射实验研究

本文介绍了在弹道靶设备上对再入速度下模型的热辐射进行的实验研究工作。铝、高硅氧和聚碳酸酯三种材料的模型在速度为4.5～6.0(km/s),压力为600—8000Pa条件下做了实验,在258nm—1100nm光谱范围内完成了九个波段的辐射测量,给出了三种材料模型的辐射光谱分布曲线。结果表明辐射量除了受环境条件影响外,还强烈地依赖于模型材料;由烧蚀产物引起的辐射通量主要在可见光和近红外区(465nm以上)。估算了烧蚀产物引起的辐射加热率,对头部和近尾流辐射通量做了比较。     

捷联式定位定向系统中动力调谐陀螺误差实时补偿

恶劣的工作环境给进一步提高捷联系统的性能带来了较大的困难，究其所有误差源，系统中的动力调谐陀螺误差对系统的精度影响较大。为此，本文主要对“捷联式定位定向系统”中动力调谐陀螺的误差作分析与研究。本文结合“捷联式定位定向系统”的特点，对动力调谐陀螺的主要漂移误差进行了分析，接着根据推得的动力调谐陀螺的静态、动态误差模型，提出了相应的误差补偿算法，并设计了误差实时补偿软件。最后经仿真计算，证明其补偿效果较好。     

遥测时间零点的分析

本文分析了引起遥测时间零点延时的各种因素,提出了数据处理中四种时间零点方案,并给出了遥测时间零点之前数字量脉冲的修正方法。用本方法处理的数据,使制导工具误差系数分离结果有了较大改进。     

含碳酸钙的负压强指数复合固体推进剂燃烧机理

本文采用激光阴影高速摄影、扫描电子显微镜、X光电子能谱,对含和不含CaCO_(3)的三种夹心件及SO4-5A PU复合推进剂的燃烧过程、燃面形貌、化学成分和覆盖分数分别进行了研究和测定。结果表明:CaCO_(3)在低压下(〈1.96MPa)提高AP的燃速,在高压下(〉1.96MPa)起降速作用;CaCO_(3)与AP反应生成CaCl_2,并促使AP熔化;燃面上CaCl_2含量随压强上升而增加;PU熔化流动对AP表面的覆盖在mesa区内随压强而升高,在非mesa区的低压区也存在。基于以上实验结果,对含CaCO_(3)的PU负压强指数推进剂的燃烧机理进行了讨论。     

International cooperation in assuring continuity of environmental satellite data

In the 25 years since the launch of the first weather satellite, meteorological observations from space have become an essential part of weather forecasting and global environmental monitoring. Beginning in the 1970s, constrained national budgets and the need for a coordinated approach to global satellite observing have caused satellite operators to pursue international cooperation to assure the continuity and compatibility of these systems. This article reviews current bilateral and multilateral cooperation and technical coordination in environmental satellite activities. It also explores the potential for alternative institutional arrangements for maintaining the continuity of environmental satellite data in the decades to come.     

Shuttle avionics verification and integration testing

The Space Shuttle Orbiter employs a fly-by-wire control system of 200 major avionic hardware devices interfacing with five flight computers through a complex data bus system. Responses to man-in-the-loop commands are dependent on the flight software. Early program development testing of the computer and avionic hardware has been accomplished at Rockwell International's Shuttle Avionics Development Laboratory (ADL). Hardware development has led to complete multi-string system testing and flight software evaluations. This paper provides an overview of the ADL. Its role and test capabilities in support of Shuttle development are defined. The nature of computer driven test programs for the Orbiter displays, the Digital Autopilot, and flight software development describe the test bed provided by the ADL.     

Real time localization of gamma ray bursts with INTEGRAL

The INTEGRAL satellite has been successfully launched in October 2002 and has recently started its operational phase. The INTEGRAL burst alert system (IBAS) will distribute in real time the coordinates of the gamma ray bursts (GRBs) detected with INTEGRAL. After a brief introduction on the INTEGRAL instruments, we describe the main IBAS characteristics and report on the initial results. During the initial performance and verification phase of the INTEGRAL mission, which lasted about two months, two GRBs have been localized with accuracy of 2–4 arcmin. These observations have allowed us to validate the IBAS software, which is now expected to provide quick (few seconds delay) and precise (few arcmin) localization for 10–15 GRBs per year.     

两相毛细泵环中蒸发器的工作特性的实验研究

在两相毛细泵环的反向式蒸发器初步研究的基础上,对同一蒸发器进行了改进的实验研究,改进措施为:在作为毛细结构的复合金属网上加压一块带有纵向和横向槽道的金属平板。对不同倾角下该蒸发器的工作特性的实验结果进行了分析和比较。     

Exobiological exploration of Mars.

Of all the other planets in the solar system, Mars remains the most promising for further elucidating concepts about chemical evolution and the origin of life. Strategies were developed to pursue three exobiological objectives for Mars exploration: determining the abundance and distribution of the biogenic elements and organic compounds, detecting evidence of an ancient biota on Mars, and determining whether indigenous organisms exist anywhere on the planet. The three strategies are quite similar and, in fact, share the same sequence of phases. In the first phase, each requires global reconnaissance and remote sensing by orbiters to select sites of interest for detailed in situ analyses. In the second phase, lander missions are conducted to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the selected sites. The third phase involves conducting "critical" experiments at sites whose properties make them particularly attractive for exobiology. These critical experiments would include, for example, identification of organics, detection of fossils, and detection of extant life. The fourth phase is the detailed analysis of samples returned from these sites in Earth-based laboratories to confirm and extend previous discoveries. Finally, in the fifth phase, human exploration is needed to establish the geological settings for the earlier findings or to discover and explore sites that are not accessible to robotic spacecraft.