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911.
Donald R. MizunoStephan D. Price Kathleen E. Kraemer Thomas A. KucharJanet C. Johnston 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012,49(1):162-176
The large 3° × 60° fields-of-view of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) instruments are oriented on the stabilized Coriolis satellite to image most of the sky each Sun-synchronous orbit. Besides observing coronal mass ejections, the SMEI mission objective, SMEI also has detected a plethora of Earth-orbiting satellites (resident space objects or RSOs) brighter than ∼8th magnitude at a rate of about 1 per minute. Occasionally, SMEI sees an RSO swarm: a sudden onset of a large number of RSOs, many more than the nominal rate, upto dozens detected in a 4-s frame. These swarms usually last for a few minutes. A sample of six such RSO ensembles is analyzed in this paper in which the distance and the direction of the velocity vector for individual objects are estimated. We present the observational evidence indicating that the swarms must be near-field objects traveling in orbits near that of Coriolis, and that the relatively speeds between the objects and Coriolis are low. Further, analyses indicate that the RSOs are quite close (<20 m) and are generally moving radially away from the satellite. The predicted encounter geometries for Coriolis passing through or near a small debris cloud is, generally, quite inconsistent with the observations. The most likely explanation consistent with the observations is that SMEI is seeing debris being ejected from the Coriolis spacecraft itself. An analysis of distance and brightness for a subset of the RSOs indicates that the median diameter of the debris particles is ∼80 μm. 相似文献
912.
S. A. Mikhailov D. V. Nedel’ko L. V. Korotkov S. A. Alimov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2012,55(3):230-232
We present the results of verifying a mathematical model of dynamic loading of the helicopter skid landing gear with regard for two successive landing impacts. Also presented are the results of analyzing the interaction of springs in the course of drop tests. 相似文献
913.
The Magnetospheric Multiscale Magnetometers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C. T. Russell B. J. Anderson W. Baumjohann K. R. Bromund D. Dearborn D. Fischer G. Le H. K. Leinweber D. Leneman W. Magnes J. D. Means M. B. Moldwin R. Nakamura D. Pierce F. Plaschke K. M. Rowe J. A. Slavin R. J. Strangeway R. Torbert C. Hagen I. Jernej A. Valavanoglou I. Richter 《Space Science Reviews》2016,199(1-4):189-256
The success of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission depends on the accurate measurement of the magnetic field on all four spacecraft. To ensure this success, two independently designed and built fluxgate magnetometers were developed, avoiding single-point failures. The magnetometers were dubbed the digital fluxgate (DFG), which uses an ASIC implementation and was supplied by the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the analogue magnetometer (AFG) with a more traditional circuit board design supplied by the University of California, Los Angeles. A stringent magnetic cleanliness program was executed under the supervision of the Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory. To achieve mission objectives, the calibration determined on the ground will be refined in space to ensure all eight magnetometers are precisely inter-calibrated. Near real-time data plays a key role in the transmission of high-resolution observations stored on board so rapid processing of the low-resolution data is required. This article describes these instruments, the magnetic cleanliness program, and the instrument pre-launch calibrations, the planned in-flight calibration program, and the information flow that provides the data on the rapid time scale needed for mission success. 相似文献
914.
L Lamotte B Saugier D T Smernoff M Andre 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(3):303-308
A simplified closed system consisting of a plant growth chamber coupled to a decomposition chamber was used to study carbon exchange dynamics. The CO2 produced via the decomposition of wheat straw was used for photosynthetic carbon uptake by wheat plants. The atmosphere of the two chambers was connected through a circuit of known flow rate. Thus, monitoring the CO2 concentrations in both compartments allowed measurement of the carbon exchange between the chambers, and estimation of the rate of respiration processes in the decomposition chamber and photosynthetic rate in the producer chamber. The objective for CELSS research was to simulate a system where a compartment producing food via photosynthesis, would be supplied by CO2 produced from respiration processes. The decomposition of biomass by the decomposer simulated both the metabolism of a crew and the result of a recycling system for inedible biomass. Concerning terrestrial ecosystems, the objective was to study organic matter decomposition in soil and other processes related to permanent grasslands. 相似文献
915.
Gaseous cavity at the base of an underwater projectile 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A Dyment J.P Flodrops J.B Paquet D Dupuis D Marchand 《Aerospace Science and Technology》1998,2(8):489-504
The problem of the behavior of the gaseous cavity which is formed at the base of an underwater launched projectile is treated using different approaches. Asymptotic analysis is used to yield expressions for similarity parameters and a simplified hydrodynamic model of the initial stretching phase. A laboratory facility is described, in which launches can be simulated and analyzed by means of pressure measurements and high speed visualizations. Complete calculations are also performed using a numerical “Volume of Fluid” model solving the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. Results from the three approaches are presented and compared during the cavity stretching phase. Finally, the thermodynamic aspects of the problem are examined. 相似文献
916.
Johnson R. L. Mason J. L. Petrou N. V. Woll H. J. Hansen G. L. Regan D. C. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1966,(1):121-136
A panel session held at the 1965 Aerospace Conference, Houston,Tex., June 23, 1965. Panelists discussed Life-Suppport interfaces with Electric Power; Communications; Navigation; System Integration for Future Space Programs; and Reliability. 相似文献
917.
We compare the results of analyzing the stress strain state for the tubular skid landing gear with regard for the physically and geometrically nonlinear scheme of deformation; the analysis is carried out by the finite element method and with the aid of a special beam-type design model. The analysis has been performed for a real helicopter design. The peculiarities of deforming the aircraft structures of the type under study are shown based on the comparison results. 相似文献
918.
Mcdevitt J. B. Harrison D. R Lockman W. K. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1966,(1):2-12
A measurement system for obtaining pressure and heat-transfer data from models flying freely in hypersonic tunnel streams is described. Test models are either released from suspension threads or launched by low-velocity pneumatic launchers and have internal miniaturized frequency-modulated telemetry units. This technique permits the historically desired measurement of support-free afterbody pressure and heat-transfer rates. Base heating and pressure measurements for a cone and a sphere in free flight are included to illustrate application. 相似文献
919.
M. Daae Y.Y. Shprits B. Ni J. Koller D. Kondrashov Y. Chen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Data assimilation is becoming an increasingly important tool for understanding the near Earth hazardous radiation environments. Reanalysis of the radiation belts can be used to identify the electron acceleration mechanism and distinguish local acceleration from radial diffusion. However, for any practical applications we need to determine how reliable is reanalysis, and how significant is the dependence of the results on the assumptions of the code and choice of boundary conditions. We present the sensitivity of reanalysis of the radiation belt electron phase space density (PSD) to the assumed location of the outer boundary, using the VERB code and a Kalman filter. We analyze the sensitivity of reanalysis to changes in the electron-loss throughout the domain, and the sensitivity to the assumed boundary condition and its effect on the innovation vector. All the simulations presented in this study for all assumed loss models and boundary conditions, show that peaks in the phase space density of relativistic electrons build up between 4.5 and 6 RE during relativistic electron flux enhancements in the outer radiation belt. This clearly shows that peaks build up in the heart of the electron radiation belt independent of the assumptions in the model, and that local acceleration is operating there. The work here is also an important step toward performing reanalysis using observations from current and future missions. 相似文献
920.