CASC Imposing Space Missions in 2012

2012 was an impressive year for China’s space industry. Multiple national space programs proceeded well and as one of world’s well known rockets, the LM launch vehicles conducted 19 missions and sent 28 satellites/ spaceship into their preset orbits in 2012. All these spacecraft had been delivered to the customers for operation. CASC vice president Yuan Jie introduced the CASC space missions of 2012 when interviewed by Aerospace China.     

吊挂系统对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能影响

为了明确短舱中吊挂系统的堵塞效应对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法对包含吊挂的混合排气系统进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,受吊挂系统的影响,在波瓣混合排气系统混合段内,存在着一大尺度的回流区,其作用范围随吊挂长度的增加而增加。在性能参数方面,与未考虑吊挂系统时相比,考虑吊挂之后,虽然混合排气系统出口处热混合效率以及推力系数下降很小,最大降幅仅分别为0.017和0.01,但总压恢复系数却显著下降,最大降幅达到了0.03。此外,随着吊挂系统长度的变化,排气系统出口处的热混合效率、总压恢复系数以及推力系数变化幅度小于0.01,变化很小。     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

Grinding performance evaluation of porous composite-bonded CBN wheels for Inconel 718

For high-efficiency grinding of difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and nickel alloys, a high porosity is expected and also a sufficient mechanical strength to satisfy the function.However, the porosity increase is a disadvantage to the mechanical strength. As a promising pore forming agent, alumina bubbles are firstly induced into the abrasive layer to fabricate porous cubic boron nitride（CBN） wheels. When the wheel porosity reaches 45%, the bending strength is still high up to 50 MPa with modified orderly pore distribution. A porous CBN wheel was fabricated with a total porosity around 30%. The grinding performance of the porous composite-bonded CBN wheel was evaluated in terms of specific force, specific grinding energy, and grinding temperature, which were better than those of the vitrified one under the same grinding conditions. Compared to the vitrified CBN wheel, clear straight cutting grooves and less chip adhesion are observed on the ground surface and there is also no extensive loading on the wheel surface after grinding.     

波音737-800飞机起飞性能随襟翼放出量的变化特点

波音737飞机与其他民用机型的一个不同之处是前缘缝翼在起飞时可以使用开缝状态。分析了波音737-800飞机下列四个起飞性能参数与襟翼放出量的关系:场地长度限制的最大起飞重量;爬升梯度限制的最大起飞重量;障碍物限制的最大起飞重量;起飞决断速度。结果显示这四个参数在襟翼放出量为10时出现异常,原因是前缘缝翼状态发生了变化。在襟翼放出量由5增大到10的过程中,前缘缝翼由不开缝的放出状态变成开缝的完全放出状态,降低了升力系数。     

民用飞机复合材料结构制造工艺变化的等效性验证

高性能复合材料已经大量应用于民用运输飞机结构,并以飞机主制造商协同供应商的方式进行复合材料飞机结构的制造。介绍了航空器适航审定对复合材料结构制造的适航要求,引出了复合材料结构制造工艺变化的等效性验证方法。目前,复合材料结构制造工艺变化的等效性验证是通过所制造复合材料物理的、化学和基本力学的性能试验,并对试验结果进行统计分析来实现的。最后提供了等效性验证的接受准则。所述内容,对国内民用飞机复合材料结构在不同供应商处制造以及制造过程中工艺变化如何满足航空器适航审定要求提供借鉴;对其它行业复合材料结构制造的质量控制也有借鉴意义。