Adaptive Rectification Filter for Detecting Small IR Targets

Clutter suppression is one of the most important subjects in the field of small target detection under infrared (IR) strong clutter background. While removing the clutter background, however, such methods may reverse the relative energy distribution of target and noise in the clutter suppressed image, and disturb the subsequent target segmentation and detection. This paper analyzes the causation of such problems, does research on the relationship between target energy characteristics and detection probability, and presents a novel filter of energy distribution adaptive rectification (EDARF). Based on the EDARF, an improved framework of dim small target detection is proposed to rectify the energy distribution in the clutter-suppressed images by conventional adaptive filters. The proposed EDARF's performance is estimated by experimental comparisons of three linear/nonlinear filters before and after using EDARF. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed EDARF improves efficiently the performance of detecting dim small targets against strong undulant cloud-cluttered backgrounds.     

全面建设小康社会中人口、资源、环境与可持续发展问题探讨

人口、资源、环境与可持续发展是当前全球关注的重大问题,也是进入21世纪中国社会经济发展和全面建设小康社会面临的严峻挑战。论文以可持续发展思想为指导,围绕人口、资源、环境与可持续发展之间在不同层次上存在的逻辑联系来展开,阐释了可持续发展的涵义,论述了全面建设小康社会面临的人口、资源、环境问题的严峻挑战,并提出了走中国特色的可持续发展之路的对策与措施。     

直升机划代

直升机划代对于人们认识直升机技术的发展规律的制订直升机发展规划有重要意义。本文在对直升机技术发展深入研究的基础上提出了直升机划代的“六大要素”,并以此六要素为判别标准,将直升机分为四代,提出了世界直升机发展划代的建议。     

平衡空间到模态空间的反映射模型降阶方法

针对内平衡降阶方法物理意义不清晰,平衡坐标无法由传感器直接测量的问题,文章基于柔性航天器动力学模型,提出了通过反映射实现平衡空间到模态空间的模型降阶方法。利用状态空间线性变换传递函数和特征值的不变性,通过平衡降阶模型零极点传递函数获得了与原系统相对应的特征频率,给出了平衡降阶模型与原模态子空间的映射关系,成功构造了反映射矩阵。频率响应及可控可观性分析结果显示,模态子空间降阶模型能够准确找到与原模型相匹配的状态变量,物理意义清楚,便于控制系统使用。     

A novel approximation of basic probability assignment based on rank-level fusion

Belief functions theory is an important tool in the field of information fusion. However, when the cardinality of the frame of discernment becomes large, the high computational cost of evidence combination will become the bottleneck of belief functions theory in real applications. The basic probability assignment (BPA) approximations, which can reduce the complexity of the BPAs, are always used to reduce the computational cost of evidence combination. In this paper, both the cardinalities and the mass assignment values of focal elements are used as the criteria of reduction. The two criteria are jointly used by using rank-level fusion. Some experiments and related analyses are provided to illustrate and justify the proposed new BPA approximation approach.     

EDA与PDM集成方案和实现技术

分析了现有EDA系统和PDM系统的功能特点及系统间集成需求;构造了EDA系统与PDM系统的集成框架,并研究了文件集成和元器件集成的工作原理:应用组件技术,开发了EDA系统与PDM系统的集成接口模块,实现了Protel 99SE与SmarTeam的集成.     

Fault tolerant small satellite attitude control using adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode

The Attitude Control System (ACS) plays a pivotal role in the whole performance of the spacecraft on the orbit; therefore, it is vitally important to design the control system with the performance of rapid response, high control precision and insensitive to external perturbations. In the first place, this paper proposes two adaptive nonlinear control algorithms based on the sliding mode control (SMC), which are designed for small satellite attitude control system. The nonlinear dynamics describing the attitude of small satellite is considered in a circle reference orbit, and the stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of external perturbations is investigated. Then, in order to account for accidental or degradation fault in satellite actuators, the fault-tolerant control schemes are presented. Hence, two adaptive fault-tolerant control laws (continuous sliding mode control and non-singular terminal sliding mode control) are developed by adopting the nonlinear analytical model to describe the system, which can guarantee global asymptotic convergence of the attitude control error with the existence of unknown external perturbations. The nonlinear hyperplane based Terminal sliding mode is introduced into the control law design; therefore, the system convergence performance improves and the control error is convergent in “finite time”. As a result, the study on the non-singular terminal sliding mode control is the emphasis and the continuous sliding mode control is used to compare with the non-singular terminal sliding mode control. Meanwhile, an adaptive fuzzy algorithm has been proposed to suppress the chattering phenomenon. Moreover, several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controllers by correcting for the external perturbations. Simulation results confirm that the suggested methodologies yield high control precision in control. In addition, actuator degradation, actuator stuck and actuator failure for a period of time are simulated to demonstrate the fault recovery capability of the fault tolerant controllers. The numerical results clearly demonstrate the good performance of the adaptive non-singular terminal control in the event of actuator fault compare with the continuous sliding mode control.     

Carbon dioxide interactions with irradiance and temperature in potatoes.

Separate controlled environment studies were conducted to determine the interaction of CO2 with irradiance and interaction of CO2 with temperature on growth of three potato cultivars. In the first study, an elevated CO2 concentration of 1000 micromoles mol-1 and an ambient CO2 of 350 micromoles mol-1 were maintained at the photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPF) of 17 and 34 mol m-2 d-1 with 12 h photoperiod, and at the PPF of 34 and 68 mol m-2 d-1 with 24 h photoperiod (400 and 800 micromoles m-2 s-1 PPF at each photoperiod). Tuber and total dry weights of 90-day old potatoes were significantly increased with CO2 enrichment, but the CO2 stimulation was less with higher PPF and longer photoperiod. Shoot dry weight was affected more by photoperiod than by PPF and CO2 concentrations. The elevated CO2 concentration increased leaf CO2 assimilation rates and decreased stomatal conductance with 12 h photoperiod, but had only a marginal effect with 24 h photoperiod. In the second study, four CO2 concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 micromoles mol-1 were combined with two air temperature regimes of 16 and 20 degrees C under a 12 h photoperiod. At harvest, 35 days after transplanting, tuber and total dry weights of potatoes reached a maximum with 1000 micromoles mol-1 CO2 at 16 degrees C, but continued to increase up to 2000 micromoles mol-1 CO2 at 20 degrees C. Plant growth was greater at 20 degrees C than at 16 degrees C under all CO2 concentrations. At 16 degrees C specific leaf weight increased substantially with increasing CO2 concentrations as compared to 500 micromoles mol-1 CO2, but increased only slightly at 20 degrees C. This suggests a carbohydrate build-up in the leaves at 16 degrees C temperature that reduces plant response to increased CO2 concentrations. The data in the two studies indicate that a PPF of 34 mol m-2 d-1, 20 degrees C temperature, and 1000-2000 micromoles mol-1 CO2 produces optimal tuber yield in potatoes.