重力梯度对自由漂浮空间机器人姿态扰动分析

分析重力梯度对在轨运行的自由漂浮空间机器人姿态运动影响。由Lagrange方法建立自由漂浮空间机器人受重力梯度扰动的非线性动力学模型。首先,考虑无控关节自由状态,分析重力梯度对关节运动的影响。其次,利用相平面轨迹分析重力梯度对自由漂浮系统姿态运动影响。最后,由速度偏差曲线分析重力梯度对机械臂的影响。结果表明,当作用时间接近轨道周期或更长时,重力梯度引起的关节偏差已十分显著,且这种扰动作用主要由轨道偏心率决定;关节锁定时俯仰姿态受扰运动有周期振动与翻滚两种形式,若初始角速度满足一定限值可以保证俯仰运动不发生翻滚;当机械臂长时间工作时,忽略重力梯度将产生明显的末端定位误差。     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

Comprehensive data reduction package for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph: IGRINS

We present a Python-based data reduction pipeline package (PLP) for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS), an instrument that covers the complete H- and K-bands in one exposure with a spectral resolving power of 40,000. The reduction steps carried out by the PLP include flat-fielding, background removal, order extraction, distortion correction, wavelength calibration, and telluric correction using spectra of A type standard stars. As the spectrograph has no moving parts, the PLP automatically reduces the data using predefined functions for the processes of order extraction, distortion correction, and wavelength calibration. Before the telluric correction of the target spectra, the intrinsic hydrogen absorption features of the standard A star are removed with a Gaussian fitting algorithm. The final result is the flux of the target as a function of wavelength. Users can customize the predefined functions for the extraction of the spectrum from the echellogram and adjust the parameters for the fitting functions for the spectra of celestial objects, using “fine-tuning” options, as necessary. Presently, the PLP produces the best results for point-source targets.     

同轴撞击气-气喷嘴数值模拟和实验

为进一步深入研究喷嘴结构参数对气-气掺混燃烧特性的影响,针对氢向氧斜喷带撞击角度的气-气喷嘴开展了实验和数值模拟.实验研究了撞击角度对燃烧效率和燃烧室壁面温度的影响,数值仿真分析了撞击角度对喷注面板和氧喷嘴管壁温的影响.结果表明:随着氢向氧撞击角度的增大,推进剂燃烧效率、燃烧室壁面和氧喷嘴出口管壁面热载降低;氢向氧撞击角度的引入,增大了喷注面板热载.      

液体火箭燃烧尾焰冲击干扰效应数值研究

火箭发射时其燃烧尾焰的冲击干扰效应对发射稳定性和发射架、导流槽等地面设施有重要影响。文章采用压力隐式算子分裂算法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,对氢氧液体火箭发动机燃烧室内燃烧过程与尾焰流场进行了一体化数值计算,得到了火箭发射后尾焰与地面撞击产生的冲击流场。结果表明:尾焰流场计算模型、方法与结果合理;尾焰冲击干扰效应会大幅度提高地面附近的压力和温度;火箭尾焰撞击地面后,高温区出现在离地面一定距离的高温层内,此时地面附近为低速区;尾焰对其正下面的地面区域产生冲击最大,主要干扰区域集中于半径为15 m的圆形区域。     

气动力辅助椭圆轨道转移技术研究

研究了两种共面椭圆轨道最优转移方法--基于单纯推力的双脉冲对称转移和基于气动力辅助变轨技术的协同机动方法。推导了双脉冲对称转移问题中转移椭圆轨道的求解公式,采用遗传算法求解最优变轨点位置,给出了变轨脉冲的计算方法。将气动力辅助对称转移过程分为3段：真空飞行段、大气飞行段、真空飞行段。以能量最小为性能指标,将大气飞行段轨迹优化问题转化为标准最优控制问题模型,并利用Gauss伪谱法进行求解,得到“巡航+滑行+巡航+滑行”的大气最优飞行轨迹。最后对两种转移方法进行详细比较,指出初始椭圆轨道近地点越接近大气层,气动力辅助对称转移方法比双脉冲对称转移方法越节省能量。     

一种地球紫外中心快速提取方法

针对地球紫外中心指向高精度提取问题,提出一种基于梯度统计的快速、低存储需求的紫外地平圆盘中心提取算法。首先,考虑到星载计算机与高内存消耗的滤波算法、实时导航需求的冲突,采用结合Sobel边缘算子与局部二值模式（LBP）算子的改进边缘快速提取方法,有效剔除背景噪声并准确提取地球紫外临边特征。然后对非完整临边边缘采用最小二乘拟合得到中心的精确位置。实验结果表明,该方法抗噪声,可实现亚像素级地球中心提取,并显著降低存储需求和计算时间开销。对于1046×746的图像,该算法需要的存储空间仅为1100kByte,运算时间在20ms内,满足自主导航的需求。     

行星探测车连杆式差动平衡机构设计及运动学分析

根据行星探测车移动系统连接车体与左右两侧悬架的支撑机构的设计要求,提出一种对称的空间连杆式差动平衡机构,合理的空间布置、较大的摇臂摆角范围和良好的线平均性使其在移动系统中的运用取得较好效果。首先分析了机构的输入输出关系,给出车体与摇臂位姿关系的表达式。然后运用旋转变换的方法建立该差动平衡机构车体与左右摇臂的俯仰角位移方程。再运用Pro/Mechanism仿真校验理论模型的正确性,并运用校验后的理论模型分析部分参数对该差动平衡机构摇臂摆角范围和线性均化特性的影响,求解球铰连杆上下球面副相对主平面和在主平面内的转角范围,为机构的结构设计和装配提供了依据。最后展示了该机构在6轮导杆联动式悬架上的应用。     

弹载面源红外诱饵技术分析

针对反舰导弹突防面临红外成像末制导拦截导弹威胁,提出一种基于面源红外诱饵的弹载红外干扰技术,介绍弹载面源红外诱饵技术原理和特点,分析弹载面源红外诱饵设计关键技术及应用形式,对提高反舰导弹突防能力具有借鉴作用.     

基于博弈论的顶岗实习策略分析

顶岗实习是工学结合的重要形式,以博弈论的角度,顶岗实习方案决策是职业院校与企业的博弈过程,且主要为二人零和完全信息静态博弈;建立了博弈模型,给出了纳什均衡,确定了可行策略的条件;提出了对不同企业类型的策略设计要点。