POSS 催化剂改性氰酸酯复合材料的性能

通过POSS 催化剂改性氰酸酯树脂,并采用热熔法排布制备了碳纤维/ 中温固化氰酸酯预浸料, 验证了改性氰酸酯的工艺性。同时考察了氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的性能。结果表明, POSS 催化剂的加入, 降低了氰酸酯的固化温度,同时其使用温度、室温及-18℃的储存性能和复合材料力学性能与改性前相当。     

基于A320飞机横航向控制律架构的LQ设计

空客A320飞机横航向控制律采用特征结构配置方法计算闭环增益,实现了期望特征值的配置及横航向关键参数之间的解耦。基于A320横航向控制律架构,提出使用线性二次型(Linear Quadratic,简称LQ)方法,对闭环增益进行重新设计。首先根据期望的特征值引入关键参数的频域整形环节,而后通过调整二次型性能指标加权矩阵实现期望特征值的逼近及关键参数之间的解耦,并求得闭环反馈增益,最后在特征结构、稳定裕度和横航向解耦效果方面与空客设计结果作了对比分析。仿真结果表明,LQ设计可获得与特征结构配置设计相近的结果,即得到接近期望值的特征值,并实现关键变量的解耦,同时保证了闭环稳定裕度。     

BAMO-THF叠氮型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的合成与表征

为了研究叠氮型热塑性含能粘合剂的合成方法及反应条件对其力学性能的影响,通过熔融预聚二步法合成了以3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(BAMO-THF)为软段、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)及1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为硬段的叠氮型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(ATPE)。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对所制备的ATPE的结构进行了表征。通过二正丁胺滴定法确定了最佳的预聚反应时间。研究比较了固化参数R和硬段含量对ATPE力学性能的影响。利用差示扫描量热(DSC)测定了ATPE的玻璃化转变温度,计算了硬段溶于软段的百分数。研究结果表明,所合成的ATPE具有典型的叠氮聚醚聚氨酯特征;确定了预聚反应时间为2 h;当R=1.02时,ATPE的拉伸强度最大,约为4 MPa;硬段含量为40%的ATPE的拉伸强度最大,为3.54 MPa;当硬段含量超过40%以后,硬段溶入软段的百分数小于10%,ATPE体现出良好的微相分离。     

试论西南航空重庆公司国内航线经营发展对策

目前，我国空运市场发展不景气，全行业运输增长减缓，航空公司普遍亏损，市场竞争无序，行业结构性矛盾日益突出。由于国内航线经营是我国航空公司最重要的主营业务，因而搞好国内航线经营是提高航空公司经济效益，摆脱目前困境的根本途径。现拟从西南航空重庆公司的发展现状入手，找出目前公司自身的优势及劣势，并对国内空运市场现状进行分析，寻找问题产生的原因。同时，着重分析影响国内航线经营发展的因素，提出西南航空重庆公司国内航线经营发展的对策。     

Statistical study of interplanetary condition effect on geomagnetic storms: 2. Variations of parameters

We investigate the behavior of mean values of the solar wind’s and interplanetary magnetic field’s (IMF) parameters and their absolute and relative variations during the magnetic storms generated by various types of the solar wind. In this paper, which is a continuation of paper [1], we, on the basis of the OMNI data archive for the period of 1976–2000, have analyzed 798 geomagnetic storms with D _st ≤ −50 nT and their interplanetary sources: corotating interaction regions CIR, compression regions Sheath before the interplanetary CMEs; magnetic clouds MC; “Pistons” Ejecta, and an uncertain type of a source. For the analysis the double superposed epoch analysis method was used, in which the instants of the magnetic storm onset and the minimum of the D _st index were taken as reference times. It is shown that the set of interplanetary sources of magnetic storms can be sub-divided into two basic groups according to their slowly and fast varying characteristics: (1) ICME (MC and Ejecta) and (2) CIR and Sheath. The mean values, the absolute and relative variations in MC and Ejecta for all parameters appeared to be either mean or lower than the mean value (the mean values of the electric field E _y and of the B _z component of IMF are higher in absolute value), while in CIR and Sheath they are higher than the mean value. High values of the relative density variation sN/〈N〉 are observed in MC. At the same time, the high values for relative variations of the velocity, B _z component, and IMF magnitude are observed in Sheath and CIR. No noticeable distinctions in the relationships between considered parameters for moderate and strong magnetic storms were observed.     

Detonation engine fed by acetylene–oxygen mixture

The advantages of a constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency has focused the search for advanced propulsion on detonation engines. Detonation of acetylene mixed with oxygen in various proportions is studied using mathematical modeling. Simplified kinetics of acetylene burning includes 11 reactions with 9 components. Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is obtained in a cylindrical tube with a section of obstacles modeling a Shchelkin spiral; the DDT takes place in this section for a wide range of initial mixture compositions. A modified ka-omega turbulence model is used to simulate flame acceleration in the Shchelkin spiral section of the system. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experiments, which had been performed in the same size detonation chamber and turbulent spiral ring section, and with theoretical data on the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters.     

Thermodynamic properties of mixed fuel combustion products

In this paper, the results of calculating the processes of two fuel mixture combustion in different proportions are presented. The values of temperature, thermal capacity, specific gas constant and isentropic expansion ratio of combustion products are given. Also shown is the distinction of thermodynamic properties from the additivity law.     

数字化检验在航电系统集成生产中的应用

针对航电系统集成生产模式下数字化检验工作的深入研究,系统地总结了航电系统集成检验的内容、方法和工作流程。结合某型飞机航电系统集成数字化检验,构建了航电系统集成生产过程中数字化检验标准的框架结构,为实现航电系统集成生产中数字化检验标准和手段的发展提供了宝贵经验。     

基于统计原理的板边弯矩计算方法

板边弯矩的计算是机场刚性道面板设计的重要内容,传统采用手工在板边弯矩影响图上数格的方法,计算效率低且误差在所难免.首先建立板边弯矩影响图数据库,然后用excel内嵌的VBA功能,通过程序判断板边弯矩影响图每个网格的结点与轮印的相对位置以及在不完整网格内均匀布点的方式,采用程序计算出不同机型一个主起落架轮印覆盖的格数,即可精确计算出板边弯矩.通过算例验证表明,该方法的计算误差随着在不完整网格内均匀布点的密度增大而减小,当按照0.02网格长×0.02网格宽的密度布点时,计算误差在0.001以内.上述方法不仅可彻底避免主观因素带来的误差而且大大提高计算效率,基于上述原理还可开发出机场刚性道面设计软件.     

Biomedical problems of EVA support during manned space flight to Mars

Current projects of manned missions to Mars are aimed to their realization in the second-third decades of this century. The purpose of this paper is to determine and review the main biomedical problems, that require a first and foremost decision for safety support of extravehicular activity (EVA) carried out by crewmembers of the Mars expedition. To a number of such problems the authors of the paper attribute a creation of adequate EVA equipment intended, first, for assembly of interplanetary spacecraft on the Earth orbit, performance of maintenance operations and scientific researches on the external surface of spacecraft during interplanetary flight and, secondly, for work on the Mars surface. New generation of space suits with low weight, high mobility and acceptable risk of decompression sickness must be as a central component of EVA equipment. The program for preparation to a Mars expedition also has to include special investigations in order to design the means and methods for a reliable protection of crew against space radiation, to elaborate the approach to medical monitoring and primary medical care during autonomous space mission, to maintain good health condition of crewmembers during EVA under the Mars gravity (0.38 g) after super long-term flight in weightlessness.