A new dynamic pushback control method for reducing fuel-burn costs: Using predicted taxi-out time

Long departure-taxi-out time leads to significant airport surface congestion, fuel-burn costs, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. To reduce these undesirable effects, a Predicted taxi-out time-based Dynamic Pushback Control(PDPC) method is proposed. The implementation of this method requires two steps: first, the taxi-out times for aircraft are predicted by the leastsquares support-vector regression approach of which the parameters are optimized by an introduced improved Firefly algorithm. Then, a dynamic pushback control model equipped with a linear gate-hold penalty function is built, along with a proposed iterative taxiway queue-threshold optimization algorithm for solving the model. A case study with data obtained from Beijing International airport(PEK) is presented. The taxi-out time prediction model achieves predictive accuracy within 3 min and 5 min by 84.71% and 95.66%, respectively. The results of the proposed pushback method show that total operation cost and fuel-burn cost achieve a 14.0% and 21.1%reduction, respectively, as compared to the traditional K-control policy.(3) From the perspective of implementation, using PDPC policy can significantly reduce the queue length in taxiway and taxi-out time. The total operation cost and fuel-burn cost can be curtailed by 37.2% and 52.1%,respectively, as compared to the non-enforcement of any pushback control mechanism. These results show that the proposed pushback control model can reduce fuel-burn costs and airport surface congestion effectively.     

用于低温试验的多通道高精度铂电阻测温电路

在低温推进剂蒸发量控制等低温试验中,高精度的温度测点数量多,并且要求必要时屏蔽失效的测点,导致调理电路成本较高。为解决上述问题,设计了一种适用于低温试验多通道温度测量的铂电阻测温电路。设计了恒流源电路、放大滤波电路。利用ATMega328P和串口屏开发了通道控制和人机交互界面。用于测温的多个铂电阻与已知参考电阻以同一个恒流源串联供电,通过比例式测量消除了恒流源性能对测量精度的影响。误差分析和测试校准证明其电阻测量精度达到0.05%,可广泛应用于实验室和试验现场的低温测量系统中。     

设置绕行滑行道时的机场运行效率分析

目前,国外多个大型枢纽机场的绕行滑行道运行实例均表明,该滑行道能有效地提高机场运行效率。中国具有近距平行跑道的机场都有条件建设、运行绕滑。设置绕行滑行道能减少近距平行跑道机场的航空器跑道穿越次数,提高运行安全水平和航空器地面滑行效率,降低管制员工作负荷。通过建立有绕滑条件下进场航空器地面滑行路径的选择模型,并使用算例和对虹桥机场SIMMOD模拟计算证明了模型的实用性。计算分析表明,绕滑对减少航空器地面滑行时间作用显著,且机场高峰小时架次愈高作用愈明显。     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

阵风载荷减缓系统故障分析

阵风引起的额外载荷会引起飞机结构疲劳,降低结构使用寿命。采用非定常气动力有理函数拟合方法建立时域状态空间下的动力学系统,设计了阵风载荷减缓系统。研究了阵风载荷减缓系统3种典型故障模式(副翼偏转饱和、舵机卡死、副翼偏转延时)的力学建模方法,并对机翼在阵风减缓系统故障模式下的阵风响应进行分析。仿真结果表明,3种故障模式均不利于阵风载荷减缓系统对阵风载荷的减缓,对于一些特定情况,故障模式下的阵风载荷减缓系统不仅不能减缓阵风载荷,还会带来由副翼偏转不当引起的额外负载。     

采用霍尔传感器的旋翼频率采集设计

为达到对旋翼飞机的控制,需要对旋翼转速进行采集.霍尔转速传感器以其高可靠性等优点常被用来测量转速.介绍了一种使用霍尔传感器进行旋翼转速采集系统,包括硬件构架,逻辑采集单元和软件设计,并给出了优化策略;通过试验数据分析,采集精度达到了预期.