民机座椅垫及座椅结构燃烧试验差异分析

客舱座椅是民机舱内材料最重要的组成部分之一,其阻燃能力可直接对民机客舱的防火安全性造成影响,为保障民机在空中的安全飞行,必须对其开展燃烧性能的研究。目前,测试民机座椅燃烧性能的试验主要由测试座椅垫可燃性能的座椅垫油燃烧器燃烧试验和测试座椅结构抗燃性能的座椅结构可燃性油燃烧器燃烧试验组成。这两种试验存在很多相似点,第一在试验过程中需使用相同的燃烧器,第二试验名称及多项试验指标均非常接近。但是,此前发表的文件从未对两种试验的差异作出解释,使其在测试过程中极易混淆,可能对客舱座椅材料上机前安全检查的质量造成严重影响。因此,本文对两种试验方法进行了论述,并从多方面解释了二者的差异。     

中高层大气对低层大气脉冲扰动的响应

从基本的大气运动方程出发,采用二维全隐欧拉格式(FICE)建立极坐标下二维声重波传播的数值模式.对小振幅高斯形态声重波传播过程的模拟结果表明,该数值模式能够再现声重波波包向上的稳定传播过程.应用此数值模式模拟了在没有背景风场和存在背景风场条件下中高层大气对10km高空处近似脉冲点源扰动的响应过程,获得了中高层大气对低层大气脉冲扰动响应的图像.结果表明,电离层高度对重力波扰动的响应不但出现在激发源激发之后,还与激发源具有较大距离,扰动的幅度随高度的增大而增大;有背景风时,顺风情况下重力波波动传播路径较逆风情况下平缓,且传播的水平距离比逆风情况下远,波动的振幅较逆风情况下弱,逆向背景风场能够加速重力波向上传播.同时,模拟还表明脉冲扰动正上方可以激发产生一种以6 min为主要周期,具有声学分支特性的快速波动.本文模拟的扰动结果与2004年12月26日苏门答腊-安达曼地震引起的电离层TEC扰动具有类似的图像.      

基于响应面的结构抗疲劳优化设计方法

借助于试验设计和响应面近似模型技术,提出了一个结构细节抗疲劳优化设计的策略。其基本思想是在结构抗疲劳设计方法的指导下选取结构的设计变量,用试验设计方法在设计变量空间里选取样本点,对各样本点所对应的结构建立有限元模型并进行结构分析和疲劳寿命估算,得到各样本点的响应(结构质量和疲劳寿命),用这些样本点和响应建立疲劳寿命和质量的响应面近似模型,并对近似模型进行优化获得最优解。算例表明本文提出的结构抗疲劳优化的策略是十分有效的。     

纤维增强复合材料剩余强度衰减模型

分析了复合材料剩余强度随加载次数增加而单调衰减的疲劳损伤机理,得出复合材料剩余强度衰减率在其疲劳寿命全程内呈"快→缓→快"演化过程,并提出一个剩余强度衰减模型来描述这一过程.该模型从材料的疲劳破坏机制上分析了铺层形式对复合材料剩余强度衰减的影响,并综合考虑了材料抗疲劳性能、受载水平等影响因素.6种复合材料的系列试验数据验证了该模型.结果表明,该模型合理描述了复合材料剩余强度的衰减规律.     

飞机结构细节疲劳寿命的应力场强法探析

研究应力场强法在飞机结构抗疲劳设计中的应用;论述飞机结构的典型细节模型;提出了对应于细节模型的应力场强法的疲劳寿命分析方法和相应的疲劳模拟试验件的设计方法.据此对一个飞机结构危险部位作了疲劳寿命分析和试验验证.分析和试验结果表明:提出的方法是合理的.     

结构元件疲劳可靠性估算的剩余寿命模型

从安全余量的定义出发，提出了一个估算结构元件疲劳可靠性的剩余寿命模型，基于常幅载荷下，疲劳寿命可用对数正态函数分布描述，本文分析了常幅和变幅载荷作用下材料的疲劳剩余寿命的分布形式，认为可用带位置参数的对数正态函数近似描述。在此基础上，系统阐述了元件在常幅和多级载荷下的疲劳可靠性分析方法。3个算例表明：预测结果与试验结果符合很好，本文给出的剩余寿命模型是合理的。     

An update global model of hmF2 from values estimated from ionosonde and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation

In this paper, we present our recent work on developing an updated global model of the ionospheric F2 peak height hmF2 parameter by combining data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) radio occultation (RO) measurements and from the extended global ionosonde stations. In particular, 10 Chinese ionosonde stations’ data are newly introduced into this study. The modeling technique used is based on a two-layer empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion. Global distributions of hmF2 maps calculated using the newly constructed global model and the one provided by the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-ITU-R) are compared with the global distributions of hmF2 obtained by the COSMIC RO measurements and quantitative statistical analysis of the differences between the model results and those of the COSMIC RO measurements is made for the low (2008) and high (2012) solar activity years. The obtained average root-mean-square differences (RMSEs) for our model are 27.7 km (11.1%) and 31.0 km (9.8%), respectively for the years 2008 and 2012, whereas those for the IRI-ITU-R model are 39.9 km (16.9%) and 35.0 km (11.6%), respectively. Comparison of the results calculated both by our model and the IRI-ITU-R model with the digisonde observation is also made. The comparisons show that the newly constructed global hmF2 model can reproduce reasonably well the observations and perform better than IRI-ITU-R model.     

大气潮汐风场诱导中纬突发E层的观测证据及理论模拟分析

统计分析了中纬突发E层的测高仪数据,给出了潮汐风场诱导Es层的观测证据,证实了大气潮汐风场和突发E层的强烈相关性.另外,依据风剪切理论,从连续性方程出发,并结合运动方程,运用特征线方法求解,模拟了Es层在潮汐风场作用下的形成.模拟结果证实了风剪切理论的合理性及潮汐风场导致突发E层形成的可能性.      

THE DGW-I FURNACE A MATERIALS PROCESSING FACILITY IN "SZ-2" SPACECRAFT

The DGW-I is a new material processing facility developed in China, which was firstly carried into orbit in November 1999 by the SZ-1 spacecraft and then in January 2001 carried by SZ-2 into space again, and successfully processed 6 samples of materials, including 3 samples of alloys, 2 of semiconductors and 1 sample of oxide crystal.     

Numerical study of unsteady starting characteristics of a hypersonic inlet

The impulse and self starting characteristics of a mixed-compression hypersonic inlet designed at Mach number of 6.5 are studied by applying the unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the assumption of viscous perfect gas model, and the shear-stress transport (SST) k-x two-equation Reynolds averaged Navier- Stokes (RANS) model is used for turbulence modeling. Results indicate that during impulse starting, the flow field is divided into three zones with different aerodynamic parameters by primary shock and upstream-facing shock. The separation bubble on the shoulder of ramp undergoes a generating, growing, swallowing and disappearing process in sequence. But a separation bubble at the entrance of inlet exists until the freestream velocity is accelerated to the starting Mach number during self starting. The mass flux distribution of flow field is non-uniform because of the interaction between shock and boundary layer, so that the mass flow rate at throat is unsteady during impulse starting. The duration of impulse starting process increases almost linearly with the decrease of freestream Mach number but rises abruptly when the freestream Mach number approaches the starting Mach number. The accelerating performance of booster almost has no influence on the self starting ability of hypersonic inlet.