基于改进YOLO V5的无人机航拍图像小目标检测方法

本文针对无人机航拍目标检测技术中目标聚集、目标较小及实时性差等问题,将YOLO V5的主干架构进行改进,简化Neck网络,提出了一种提高检测速度又能准确识别的无人机航拍图像检测技术方案。经过仿真实验测试,改进后的YOLO V5网络在保持识别精度的同时,检测速率提升了31%,满足无人机在航拍作业时对于准确性与实时性的要求。     

基于DDPG的单目无人机避障算法

提出了一种基于单目相机的小型多旋翼无人机的连续避障策略。所提出的方法包括深度估计和导航决策两个模块。其中,在深度估计模块采用条件对抗网络对无人机采集得到的RGB图片进行训练预处理,在导航决策模块采用深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)算法实现无人机的连续避障。在此基础上,对DDPG中的Actor网络进行改进,通过使用多模态网络代替原有策略网络,从而抑制无人机飞行震动,提高避障能力。最后,在Airsim仿真环境中进行测试,实验表明所提算法模型经过训练能够使无人机成功躲避障碍物并到达指定目标点,与原有算法相比避障轨迹得到明显改善。     

面向空间应用高可靠图像数传设备的设计与实现

针对空间高速图像数传任务需求, 设计并实现了一种采用SpaceWire总线传输协议的高速图像数传设备. 该设备的硬件以FPGA为控制核心, 完成对SpaceWire协议芯片的初始化配置、收发数据包处理、中断和异常状态处理等操作. 重点阐述了FPGA的可靠性设计, 包括状态机设计、异步时钟域设计和数据包传输与链路错误的恢复设计. 测试表明该设备能够稳定可靠地实现140 Mbit/s的图像数据传输, 对于链路的突发错误在一定时间内具有错误数据恢复能力, 能够有效保证传输数据的正确性和稳定性.     

飞机V型外倾双垂尾载荷校准技术

根据垂尾载荷校准及建模需求,对飞机V型外倾双垂尾结构受载情况进行了分析和简化,确定了校准试验载荷,研制了垂尾载荷校准试验专用龙门梁架。采用液压协调加载技术,完成了外倾双垂尾载荷校准试验,建立了满足测载要求的载荷模型。此种方法充分利用了左右垂尾外倾、双垂尾之间空间较大的特点,对左右垂尾对称施加向外的单点、多点载荷,加载载荷侧向分量左右自平衡,垂向分量依靠飞机自身重量即可平衡,飞机不需要复杂的固定与约束。试验中采用先搭建龙门框架,再停放飞机的方法,降低了试验风险、加快了试验进度,取得了良好的试验结果,对其他此类结构的载荷校准具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Adaptive suppression of passive intermodulation in digital satellite transceivers

For the performance issues of satellite transceivers suffering passive intermodulation interference,a novel and effective digital suppression algorithm is presented in this paper.In con trast to analog approaches,digital passive intermodulation (PIM) suppression approaches can be easily reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future satellite communication systems.A simplified model of nonlinear distortion from passive microwave devices is established in consid eration of the memory effect.The multiple high-order PIM products falling into the receiving band can be described as a bilinear predictor function.A suppression algorithm based on a bilinear poly nomial decorrelated adaptive filter is proposed for baseband digital signal processing.In consideration of the time-varying characteristics of passive intermodulation,this algorithm can achieve the rapidness of online interference estimation and low complexity with less consumption of resources.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate the passive intermodulation interference,and achieve a high signal-to-interference ratio gain.     

Air route network optimization in fragmented airspace based on cellular automata

Air route network optimization,one of the essential parts of the airspace planning,is an effective way to optimize airspace resources,increase airspace capacity,and alleviate air traffic con gestion.However,little has been done on the optimization of air route network in the fragmented airspace caused by prohibited,restricted,and dangerous areas (PRDs).In this paper,an air route network optimization model is developed with the total operational cost as the objective function while airspace restriction,air route network capacity,and non-straight-line factors (NSLF) are taken as major constraints.A square grid cellular space,Moore neighbors,a fixed boundary,together with a set of rules for solving the route network optimization model are designed based on cellular automata.The empirical traffic of airports with the largest traffic volume in each of the 9 flight information regions in mainland China is collected as the origin-destination (OD) air port pair demands.Based on traffic patterns,the model generates 35 air routes which successfully avoids 144 PRDs.Compared with the current air route network structure,the number of nodes decreases by 41.67％,while the total length of flight segments and air routes drop by 32.03％ and 5.82％ respectively.The NSLF decreases by 5.82％ with changes in the total length of the air route network.More importantly,the total operational cost of the whole network decreases by 6.22％.The computational results show the potential benefits of the model and the advantage of the algorithm.Optimization of air route network can significantly reduce operational cost while ensuring operation safety.     

硅半球深腔结构无损检测技术

半球深腔的加工质量是决定硅基MEMS半球陀螺精度的关键因素之一，及时检测半球深腔的形貌参数并将其反馈至加工过程，是确保高性能MEMS半球陀螺研制成功的重要措施。由于硅半球深腔的深度较大，台阶仪和光学显微成像系统无法对半球深腔的形貌特征进行有效测量。因此,需要将硅深腔结构剖开后采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行检测。这种检测方式时间周期长，且属于破坏性的样本检测，效率和测试精度都较低。提出以硅半球深腔为模具，利用PDMS铸模将硅半球深腔的结构尺寸和表面形貌转移到PDMS凸起的半球模型上，通过检测PDMS半球模型的尺寸结构和表面形貌，即可反推出硅半球深腔的尺寸特征。经实验验证，脱模后的PDMS模型可以准确地反映出半球深腔的尺寸信息，测量结果的不确定度小于5‰，有效解决了硅半球深腔无损检测的难题。     

几种生长模型参数的最小二乘估计方法及应用

提出一种Logistic模型、Gompertz模型、Mitscherlich模型和Bertallanffy模型的分布参数估计方法，这种方法以加权最小二乘法为基础，推导求解分布参数的方程组。利用这类曲线模型中参数形式的特点，使同时求解三个参数的问题简化为同时求解两个参数的问题，并给出求解参数耦合方程组的二重二分迭代法。预测地基沉降的计算实例表明，这种方法对于迭代初值的选取要求较低、求解速度快、精度高，而且通过选取权因子可以对已有数据实现“重近轻远”的处理。     

航空发动机机匣包容试验叶片飞脱方法

风扇机匣包容性试验是航空发动机适航许可试验的重要内容之一,而风扇叶片的飞断方法是风扇机匣包容试验的关键.简述了发动机风扇机匣包容性试验中常用的3种叶片飞脱方法,重点介绍了预制裂纹与线型聚能切割器爆破切割相结合的爆破飞脱方法,并采用该方法对钛合金实心平板叶片进行了静态爆破切割试验,试验结果与设计方案相吻合,达到了预期目标,证明了该爆破飞脱方法具有较强的可行性和较高的可靠性.     

基于套裁的复合材料铺叠料片排版技术研究

从实际生产经验出发,探索了提高材料利用率的方法。通过对矩形和异形铺叠料片算法分析,制定了最佳放置策略规则。通过对蒙皮余量的修改工艺性验证后,对余量设置提供了参考依据,创造性地提出了通用零件余量设定原则,减少由于余量设置不精确造成的浪费。通过套裁方案的实施,切实有效地减少了材料的浪费,提高了原材料的利用率。