Resonant Cavity Measurements of Ionized Wakes

A transmission resonant cavity technique, which is suitable for making measurements of electron line densities and collision frequencies in the ionized wakes of hypervelocity projectiles, is described. With this method electron density measurements can be made over six orders of magnitude. Resonant cavity design requirements and limitations of the method are discussed. Typical data from measurements behind projectiles traveling at speeds up to 6.5 km/s are given.     

Time-Optimal Control of a Bounded Phase-Coordinate Process II: High-Order Systems with Multiple Control Inputs

This paper considers the problem arising from the design of an autopilot for a large booster. The motion-controlling actuators of the booster have both position and rate limits. The problem is formulated as a bounded phase-coordinate problem and analyzed by the ``backing out of the target' procedure. A method of constructing the optimal control is presented. An example of an oscillatory system with two control inputs is given, and the optimal control is expressed as an explicit time function.     

On the Optimum Design of PCM Signals with System Constraints

This paper considers the design of PCM signals with system constraints using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The transmitter signal as well as the correlation signal are determined while maximizing the output signal-to-noise ratio. Both the single and three-pole transmitter filters are considered. An upper bound has been obtained on the performance of PCM signals with constraints.     

Recursive Computation of the Generalized Q Function

A recursive method of computing values of the generalized Q function is described. The Q function is also interpreted in terms of noncentral chi-square distributed random variables, and in terms of the difference between Poisson random variables.     

零售服务质量中的人力资源管理(英文)

本文研究了人力资源管理与服务质量的关系。透过问卷调查及数据分析,确立人力资源的重点、结构与相互关系,促进服务质量。研究选择了零售服务为试点,给管理人员提供了一个更直接、更清晰的指引,发挥人力资源本身的素质。研究结果把希士杰等质量大师在美国哈佛商报中提出的“服务利润连接（Ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｐｒｏｆｉｔｃｈａｉｎ）”具体化,使管理人员可以直接在企业内运用。     

使用“均衡记分卡”改善服务质量(英文)

基于“量度什么,便得到什么”的原则而发展起来的“均衡记分卡”可将公司策略清晰地演绎,为每一雇员工作表现指引。除了沿用一般传统财政目标外,“均衡记分卡”提供了一个全面、灵活、有效及均衡的企业表现量度／管理方法。从“顾客角度”、“程序角度”以及“学习角度”所作的度量可能激励企业的财政工作。制定“均衡记分卡”过程可阐明并传递公司的策略于每一雇员。个别工作单位目标及雇员目标亦可结合在一起以改善整体服务质量。     

Genesis on-board determination of the solar wind flow regime

Some of the objectives of the Genesis mission require the separate collection of solar wind originating in different types of solar sources. Measurements of the solar wind protons, alpha particles, and electrons are used on-board the spacecraft to determine whether the solar-wind source is most likely a coronal hole, interstream flow, or a coronal mass ejection. A simple fuzzy logic scheme operating on measurements of the proton temperature, the alpha-particle abundance, and the presence of bidirectional streaming of suprathermal electrons was developed for this purpose. Additional requirements on the algorithm include the ability to identify the passage of forward shocks, reasonable levels of hysteresis and persistence, and the ability to modify the algorithm by changes in stored constants rather than changes in the software. After a few minor adjustments, the algorithm performed well during the initial portion of the mission. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Heliosphere-Geosphere Interactions Using Low Energy Neutral Atom Imaging

Development of the low energy neutral atom (LENA) imager was originally motivated by a need to remotely sense plasma heating in the topside ionosphere, with the goal of greatly enhanced temporal resolution of an otherwise familiar phenomenon. During ground test and calibration, the LENA imager was found to respond to neutral atoms with energies well above its nominal energy range of 10–750 eV, up to at least 3–4 keV, owing to sputtering interactions with its conversion surface. On orbit, LENA has been found to respond to a ubiquitous neutral atom component of the solar wind, to the neutral atoms formed by magnetosheath interactions with the geocorona during periods of high solar wind pressure, and to the interstellar neutral atoms flowing through the heliosphere during the season of maximal relative wind velocity between spacecraft and interstellar medium. LENA imaging has thus emerged as a promising new tool for studying the interplanetary medium and its interaction with the magnetosphere, in addition to the ionospheric heating and outflow that result from this interaction. LENA emissions from the ionosphere consist of a fast component that can be observed at high altitudes, and slower components that evidently create a quasi-trapped extended superthermal exosphere. The more energetic emissions are responsive to solar wind energy inputs on time scales of a few minutes.     

Output of a Balanced Frequency Discriminator Driven by a Sine Wave and Gaussian Noise

The output of a realizable balanced frequency discriminator is calculated for an input consisting of a sine wave plus Gaussian noise. Explicit autocorrelation and power spectra are found for one practical embodiment of the discriminator for various input carrier-to-noise ratios, with the carrier tuned to center frequency and also off-center. The formulas also permit the calculation of the output for the case of a spectrum of noise slowly swept through the discriminator. Although qualitatively similar to results previously obtained with an ideal discriminator, substantial differences are also found. Measurements are made that closely verified the theoretical results. No limiting is assumed.     

Effect of Dimensions on the Efficiency of Radiant Energy Cells

This paper deals with the enhancement of the quantum efficiency and photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency of a p-n semiconducting cell by optimizing the dimensions of the cell. Based on the Shockley-Read statistics a general expression for the quantum efficiency of monochromatic incident radiant energy photons has been derived in terms of the absorption coefficient of the incident photons, the minority carrier diffusion length, the built-in electrostatic field appearing in diffused cells, and the surface recombination velocity in the exposed layer of the cell. Although the expressions derived may be used for all semiconducting p-n cells, special efforts have been made in the analysis and computations of the germanium p-n cell. The germanium cells show a great potential for photovoltaic energy conversion from radiant sources other than the sun. The results for germanium indicate that the quantum efficiency strongly depends upon the thicknesses of the exposed and base layers. The built-in electrostatic field and the surface recombination velocity in the exposed layer influence the quantum efficiency greatly. Optimization studies for the thicknesses of the exposed and base layers of an n-p type germanium for different values of minority carrier diffusion length, built-in electrostatic field, and surface recombination velocity have been worked out.