撞击平板的动力响应计算和实验研究

本文采用16节点立体等参元,进行了冲击速度为10～20m/s时的平板动力响应数值分析。程序中考虑了结构的大变形,采用全拉格朗日描述法,时间离散使用了纽马克法。文中分别对LY12CZ和PMMA两种材料平板的动力响应计算结果和试验结果作了比较。提出用HopkinsonBar装置测定平板在硬撞击下撞击总耦合载荷及撞击点挠度随撞击时间的分布关系。同时文中提供了上述两种材料的动态力学性能参数,由这些参数可以认为PMMA为应变率敏感材料,在高速撞击下呈现“脆化”现象,而LY12CZ则为应变率不相关材料,在冲击载荷下呈现良好的塑性变形特性。     

Galileo Probe Nephelometer experiment

The objective of the Nephelometer Experient aboard the Probe of the Galileo mission is to explore the vertical structure and microphysical properties of the clouds and hazes in the atmosphere of Jupiter along the descent trajectory of the Probe (nominally from 0.1 to > 10 bars). The measurements, to be obtained at least every kilometer of the Probe descent, will provide the bases for inferences of mean particle sizes, particle number densities (and hence, opacities, mass densities, and columnar mass loading) and, for non-highly absorbing particles, for distinguishing between solid and liquid particles. These quantities, especially the location of the cloud bases, together with other quantities derived from this and other experiments aboard the Probe, will not only yield strong evidence for the composition of the particles, but, using thermochemical models, for species abundances as well. The measurements in the upper troposphere will provide ground truth data for correlation with remote sensing instruments aboard the Galileo Orbiter vehicle. The instrument is carefully designed and calibrated to measure the light scattering properties of the particulate clouds and hazes at scattering angles of 5.8°, 16°, 40°, 70°, and 178°. The measurement sensitivity and accuracy is such that useful estimates of mean particle radii in the range from about 0.2 to 20 can be inferred. The instrument will detect the presence of typical cloud particles with radii of about 1.0 , or larger, at concentrations of less than 1 cm³.Deceased.     

Energetic Particles Investigation (EPI)

The Energetic Particles Investigation (EPI) instrument operates during the pre-entry phase of the Galileo Probe. The major science objective is to study the energetic particle population in the innermost regions of the Jovian magnetosphere — within 4 radii of the cloud tops — and into the upper atmosphere. To achieve these objectives the EPI instrument will make omnidirectional measurements of four different particle species — electrons, protons, alpha-particles, and heavy ions (Z > 2). Intensity profiles with a spatial resolution of about 0.02 Jupiter radii will be recorded. Three different energy range channels are allocated to both electrons and protons to provide a rough estimate of the spectral index of the energy spectra. In addition to the omnidirectional measurements, sectored data will be obtained for certain energy range electrons, protons, and alpha-particles to determine directional anisotropies and particle pitch angle distributions. The detector assembly is a two-element telescope using totally depleted, circular silicon surfacebarrier detectors surrounded by a cylindrical tungsten shielding with a wall thickness of 4.86 g cm^-2. The telescope axis is oriented normal to the spherical surface of the Probe's rear heat shield which is needed for heat protection of the scientific payload during the Probe's entry into the Jovian atmosphere. The material thickness of the heat shield determines the lower energy threshold of the particle species investigated during the Probe's pre-entry phase. The EPI instrument is combined with the Lightning and Radio Emission Detector (LRD) such that the EPI sensor is connected to the LRD/EPI electronic box. In this way, both instruments together only have one interface of the Probe's power, command, and data unit.     

CFAR data fusion center with inhomogeneous receivers

Detection systems with distributed sensors and data fusion are increasingly used by surveillance systems. A system formed by N inhomogeneous constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors (cell-averaging (CA) and ordered statistic (OS) CFAR detectors) is studied. A recursive formulation of an algorithm that permits a fixed level of false alarms in the data fusion center is presented, to set the optimum individual threshold levels in the CFAR receivers and the optimum `K out of N' decision rule in order to maximize the total probability of detection. The algorithm also considers receivers of different quality or with different communication channel qualities connecting them with the fusion center. This procedure has been applied to several hypothetical networks with distributed CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR receivers and for Rayleigh targets and interference, and it was seen that in general the fusion decision OR rule is not always the best     

Improved strapdown coning algorithms

Three improved algorithms for strapdown attitude computation utilizing accumulated gyro increments from the previous and current update are developed and evaluated analytically under classical coning motion. The error criterion of Miller is derived directly from the rotation vector concept. The accuracy of updating rotation vector estimation can be improved at least two orders of magnitude as compared with those of conventional algorithms. The proposed algorithm is equivalent to increasing the number of gyro samples used in the conventional method and it requires less computer loading     

Modification of the SAR step transform algorithm

When the basic step transform algorithm is used to compress synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) signals in azimuth, the linear FM rate and sampling rate must satisfy certain tight constraints. In practice, these constraints cannot be satisfied and errors are introduced into the compressed SAR image. A modification is described of the basic step transform which incorporates interpolation and resampling into the algorithm. These changes allow the removal of the constraints and make the step transform more useful for the compression of real data. An autofocusing capability is also included, without introducing much additional complexity     

俄罗斯铝锂合金的研制和应用概况

本文介绍了俄国1420,1430,1450等铝锂合金的研制过程和性能,并与西方类似合金进行了对比,同时还列举了铝锂合金在战斗机、运输机、民航机和直升机上作为结构元件和应用情况。     

采用多级优化技术进行复合材料结构可靠性优化设计

在可靠性基础上将结构体系可靠性优化设计方法发展至复合材料结构,并采有多级优化技术提出了复合材料结构可靠性优化设计方法。系统级优化以结构总重最小为目标函数,以满足结构体系可靠性指标要求为约束条件;元件级优化以元件可靠度最大为目标函数,以层板或元件重量在一次迭代中保持不变为约束条件,从而导出了相应的优化准则和迭代式。算例表明该方法的效率高、收敛性好,能推广应用于大型复合材料结构。     

飞机噪声预测和分析

根据中国民航规章中有关飞机适航噪声审定的要求和噪声预测原理建立了飞机噪声预测系统软件。该软件除可预测飞机适航噪声审定的起飞、进场和边线有效感觉噪声级外,还可计算巡航过程机体表面声压分布。各种噪声源的声功率在软件中均可单独计算,因此改变发动机和飞机参数可以考查这些参数对声功率的影响;对发动机和飞机设计有参考价值。通过算例计算出的起飞、进场和边线有效感觉噪声级与实测结果符合较好,能很好地满足工程应用需要。     

在非定常气动力作用下弹性飞行器的动稳定性及主动控制

首先导出了在非定常气动力作用下的弹性飞行器纵向运动方程。而后就简化的非定常气动力数学模型提出了分析气动弹性对飞行器稳定性影响的方法。并从有效抑制飞行器的弹性振动角度研究主动反馈控制、操纵面及陀螺位置合适选择的最优综合设计问题。