The 2.5 to 5 microns spectrum of comet Halley from the IKS instrument of Vega

Results of the 2.5–5 micron spectroscopic channel of the IKS instrument on Vega are reported and the data reduction process is described. H₂O and CO₂ molecules have been detected with production rates of 10³⁰ s⁻¹ and 1.5 10²⁸ s⁻¹ respectively. Emission features between 3.3 and 3.7 microns are tentatively attributed to CH - bearing compounds - CO is marginally detected with a mixing ratio CO/H₂O 0.2. OH emission and H₂O - ice absorption might also be present in the spectra.     

The composition and distribution of anomalous cosmic rays

The composition of anomalous cosmic rays (ACR), is thought to reflect that of the neutral atoms in the very local interstellar medium, such as helium, nitrogen and neon. Recent observations in the outer heliosphere have provided the first unambiguous evidence for ACR argon, carbon and hydrogen, as well, and a method has been developed to relate the ACR abundances to those of the interstellar medium. The observations also indicate persistent negative latitudinal gradients, opposite to that observed by Pioneer 11 during the previous minimum in solar activity. These and other results are consistent with the presence of gradient and curvature drift during solar minimum periods when the tilt of the interplanetary neutral sheet is small.     

Correction to: Determining the Relative Cratering Ages of Regions of Psyche’s Surface

Space Science Reviews - Analysis of Homestake, Gallex and GNO measurements reveals evidence of variability of presumed solar-neutrino-flux measurements. Analysis of Super-Kamiokande neutrino...     

Interplanetary shocks and sudden impulses during solar maximum (2000) and solar minimum (1995–1996)

In this work a study is performed on the correlation between fast forward interplanetary shock parameters at 1 Astronomical Unit and sudden impulse (SI) amplitudes in the H-component of the geomagnetic field, for periods of solar activity maximum (year 2000) and minimum (year 1995–1996). Solar wind temperature, density and speed, and total magnetic field, were taken to calculate the static pressures (thermal and magnetic) both in the upstream and downstream sides of the shocks. The variations of the solar wind parameters and pressures were then correlated with SI amplitudes. The solar wind speed variations presented good correlations with sudden impulses, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.70 both in solar maximum and solar minimum, whereas the solar wind density presented very low correlation. The parameter better correlated with SI was the square root dynamic pressure variation, showing a larger correlation during solar maximum (r = 0.82) than during solar minimum (r = 0.77). The correlations of SI with square root thermal and magnetic pressure were smaller than with the dynamic pressure, but they also present a good correlation, with r > 0.70 during both solar maximum and minimum. Multiple linear correlation analysis of SI in terms of the three pressure terms have shown that 78% and 85% of the variance in SI during solar maximum and minimum, respectively, are explained by the three pressure variations. Average sudden impulse amplitude was 25 nT during solar maximum and 21 nT during solar minimum, while average square root dynamic pressure variation is 1.20 and 0.86 nPa^1/2 during solar maximum and minimum, respectively. Thus on average, fast forward interplanetary shocks are 33% stronger during solar maximum than during solar minimum, and the magnetospheric SI response has amplitude 20% higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. A comparison with theoretical predictions (Tsyganenko’s model corrected by Earth’s induced currents) of the coefficient of sudden impulse change with solar wind dynamic pressure variation showed excellent agreement, with values around 17 nT/nPa^1/2.     

面向用户的以太网可用性模型

带冲突检测的载波侦听多路访问协议(CSMA/CD)可以有效的解决竞争,提供高的吞吐量和低的延迟时间,并且成为了局域网设计中颇具吸引力的协议.基于计算机以太网CSMA/CD协议,面向用户探讨以太网可用度模型.通过定义工作站"拥塞状态"和"空闲状态",建立基于网络带宽、时隙的可用度模型.以信息成功发送概率作为衡量以太网可用性的指标.根据以太网中工作站的数量、平均字节长度、单机产生数据的速率以及单机数据重传速率对可用性影响的分析表明,随着局域网中接入的工作站的数量的增加在相同的时间内局域网的可用度将降低.随着数据产生率的升高,局域网的可用度将首先升高,当网络达到饱和后再增加数据产生率,局域网的可用度将降低.提高数据的重传率能够提高局域网的可用度.根据以上的分析,通过合理的设置网络参数,可以使局域网达到理想的可用度.      

Cyclic variations in the solar lower atmosphere

The Ca K line has been measured regularly nearly every month since 1974 at Kitt Peak. It is well known that the K₁ component of the Ca K line is formed in the temperature minimum region (TMR) of the solar atmosphere. Our study of the data of CaII K profiles over two solar cycles indicates that both in full disc integrated spectra and in center disc spectra, the distance between the red K₁ and the blue K₁ of the profiles and its average intensity show periodic variations. But the variation for the full disc integrated spectra fluctuates in the same way as the sunspot number does, while that for the center disc spectra has a time delay with respect to sunspot number. Non-LTE computations yield a cyclic temperature variation of about 17 K of the TMR in the quiet-Sun atmosphere and a cyclic variation of about 15–20 km in the height position of the TMR.     

Models of P/Borrelly: Activity and dust mantle formation

Comet 19P/Borrelly was observed by Deep Space One spacecraft on September 22, 2001 (Soderblom et al., 2002).The DS1 images show a very dark and elongate nucleus with a complex topography; the IR spectra show a strong red-ward slope consistent with a very hot and dry surface (345K to 300K). During DS1 encounter the comet coma was dominated by a prominent jet but most of the comet was inactive, confirming the Earth-based observations that <10% of the surface is actively sublimating. We have developed a thermal evolution model of comet PBorrelly, using a numerical code that is able to solve the heat conduction and gas diffusion equations at the same time across an idealized spherical nucleus ( De Sanctis et al., 1999, 2000; Capria et al., 2000; Coradini et al., 1997a,b). The comet nucleus is composed by water, volatiles ices and dust in different proportions. The refractory component is made by grains that are embedded in the icy matrix. The code is able to account for the dust release, contributing to the dust flux, and the formation of dust mantles on the comet surface. The model was applied to a cometary nucleus with the estimated physical and dynamical characteristics of P/Borrelly in order to infer the status and activity level of a body on such an orbit during the DS1 observation. The comet gas flux, differentiation and thermal behavior were simulated and reproduced. The model results are in good agreement with the DS1 flyby results and the ground based observations, in terms of activity, dust coverage and temperatures of the surface.     

复合材料转动壳体动力特性分析

根据转动壳体的动力学方程,在利用DMAP对大型有限元软件MSC/NASTRAN二次开发的基础上,采用有限元方法对复合材料层合壳体转动状态下的动力特性进行了研究,分析了科氏力、离心力和横向剪力对固有频率的影响,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果显示由于科氏力的作用,即使在动坐标系下,层合壳体也会出现频率不等的前后行波,横向剪力使壳体的固有频率降低,且随着壳体厚径比的增加其影响显著增加.      

带QoP反馈的实时视频服务质量控制框架

分析了实时视频在现有"尽力而为"IP网络上传输所面临的带宽、延迟和丢失等问题,介绍了需要采用的拥塞控制和差错控制等应用级服务质量控制策略,并提出了一种联合的支持应用级服务质量控制的实时视频传输框架.该框架既考虑了网络资源的动态变化和影响,又兼顾了视频的服务质量调整对视频的表现质量的限制因素,充分利用了服务质量和表现质量之间的映射关系,具有更广泛的实用价值.      

带宽弦叶片的盘片耦合振动特性研究

为确定盘片系统将发生的耦合共振,建立了带宽弦叶片的盘片耦合系统的基本重复扇区的有限元模型,并采用波传播技术对耦合系统进行了振动特性的计算分析.指出了宽弦叶片在振动中表现出的特有振型,以及随转速的变化规律.分析了盘片耦合后的振动特性,以及叶片各阶振动频率随节径数变化的规律.