UVCS Observations and Modeling of Streamers

We present results derived from the analysis of an equatorial streamer structure as observed by the UVCS instrument aboard SOHO. From observations of the H I Lyα and Lyβ lines we infer the density and temperature of the plasma. We develop a preliminary axisymmetric, magnetostatic model of the corona which includes the effects of gas pressure gradients on the magnetic structure. We infer a coronal plasma β > 1 in the closed field regions and near the cusp of the streamer. We add to the model a parallel velocity field assuming mass flux conservation along magnetic flux tubes. We then compute the Lyα emissivity and the line-of-sight integrals to obtain images of Lyα intensity, taking into account projection effects and Doppler dimming. The images we obtain from this preliminary model are in good general agreement with the UVCS observations, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

TC11合金高温变形行为及其机理

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了TC11合金在800～1 050℃、应变速率0.005～5/s条件下的高温变形行为.根据动力学分析,确定了不同温度区间的热激活能和热变形方程.结合变形微观组织观察确定了TC11合金的高温变形机制.结果显示:TC11合金在(α β)两相区和β相区的热变形激活能分别为285.38和141.98 kJ/mol,表明不同温度区间的热变形机理不同;在两相区变形主要发生片状组织的球化,在β相区变形时低应变速率下(0.005～0.05/s)主要发生β相的动态再结晶,高应变速率下(0.05～5/s)主要发生动态回复.研究结果为确定该合金的最佳变形工艺参数提供了理论依据.     

利用多普勒原理测量微机电系统中微结构的动态特性

介绍了将显微扫描激光多普勒测振仪与基础激振法相结合的微结构动态特性的非接触无损测量方法、扫描激光多普勒测振仪的工作原理、设计的基础激振器及其驱动信号.并给出典型微结构--微悬臂梁的测量结果.测量结果与理论计算及有限元仿真结果相符,验证了该方法的有效性.     

不同载荷方式下MDYB-3有机玻璃的变形与破坏行为

 为了理解和评价MDYB-3定向有机玻璃的力学行为,采用CSS44100电子万能试验机,分离式Hopkinson技术和MTS液压伺服试验机分别进行了5种不同类型的力学试验。这些试验包括力学各向异性试验、穿孔试验、应变率从0.001 s^-1到 2 000 s^-1和初始温度从218 K 到 373 K的单轴拉、压试验、等幅应力控制下不同应力集中系数的双边缺口试样疲劳试验。同时采用光学显微镜对变形试样的破坏和断裂进行了观察和分析。结果表明：①MDYB-3定向有机玻璃呈现明显的各向异性性能;②沿板面法线方向MDYB-3定向有机玻璃具有更高的硬度和强度,在穿孔或冲击条件下它以脆性分层破裂和散落为破坏形式;③MDYB-3定向有机玻璃的力学响应强烈地依赖于应变率和温度,且在拉伸和压缩加载下表现出很大的强度非对称性;④双边带有缺口试样的S-N曲线表明,最大应力幅值较低时,MDYB-3定向有机玻璃的疲劳寿命对缺口不敏感。在循环载荷下裂纹起源与微层特性及层间强度有关,它起源于层间可处在缺口中段部位,最后文中对变形与破坏机理也进行了分析和讨论。     

金属橡胶减振器用于发动机安装减振的研究

 为减小发动机传递至飞机机身结构的振动,设计了金属橡胶减振器用于航空发动机安装。对该金属橡胶减振器进行了动力学建模研究,采用有限元技术对安装减振器前后的飞机全机结构进行了仿真分析,初步表明了该设计对结构频率影响较小,但能引入较大阻尼,降低响应水平。在理论分析基础上,进一步将设计制造的金属橡胶减振器安装于某型飞机,进行地面开车,实测了应用减振安装前后飞机的动力学响应。结果证明了发动机减振安装的可行性与有效性。     

The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) Investigation on the STEREO Observatories

The Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) investigation provides the in situ solar wind and low energy heliospheric ion measurements for the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Mission, which consists of two spacecraft (STEREO-A, STEREO-B). PLASTIC-A and PLASTIC-B are identical. Each PLASTIC is a time-of-flight/energy mass spectrometer designed to determine the elemental composition, ionic charge states, and bulk flow parameters of major solar wind ions in the mass range from hydrogen to iron. PLASTIC has nearly complete angular coverage in the ecliptic plane and an energy range from ～0.3 to 80 keV/e, from which the distribution functions of suprathermal ions, including those ions created in pick-up and local shock acceleration processes, are also provided.     

The THEMIS Array of Ground-based Observatories for the Study of Auroral Substorms

The NASA Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) project is intended to investigate magnetospheric substorm phenomena, which are the manifestations of a basic instability of the magnetosphere and a dominant mechanism of plasma transport and explosive energy release. The major controversy in substorm science is the uncertainty as to whether the instability is initiated near the Earth, or in the more distant >20 Re magnetic tail. THEMIS will discriminate between the two possibilities by using five in-situ satellites and ground-based all-sky imagers and magnetometers, and inferring the propagation direction by timing the observation of the substorm initiation at multiple locations in the magnetosphere. An array of stations, consisting of 20 all-sky imagers (ASIs) and 30-plus magnetometers, has been developed and deployed in the North American continent, from Alaska to Labrador, for the broad coverage of the nightside magnetosphere. Each ground-based observatory (GBO) contains a white light imager that takes auroral images at a 3-second repetition rate (“cadence”) and a magnetometer that records the 3 axis variation of the magnetic field at 2 Hz frequency. The stations return compressed images, “thumbnails,” to two central databases: one located at UC Berkeley and the other at the University of Calgary, Canada. The full images are recorded at each station on hard drives, and these devices are physically returned to the two data centers for data copying. All data are made available for public use by scientists in “browse products,” accessible by using internet browsers or in the form of downloadable CDF data files (the “browse products” are described in detail in a later section). Twenty all-sky imager stations are installed and running at the time of this publication. An example of a substorm was observed on the 23rd of December 2006, and from the THEMIS GBO data, we found that the substorm onset brightening of the equatorward arc was a gradual process (>27 seconds), with minimal morphology changes until the arc breaks up. The breakup was timed to the nearest frame (<3 s) and located to the nearest latitude degree at about ±3^oE in longitude. The data also showed that a similar breakup occurred in Alaska ～10 minutes later, highlighting the need for an array to distinguish prime onset.     

New Horizons: Anticipated Scientific Investigations at the Pluto System

The New Horizons spacecraft will achieve a wide range of measurement objectives at the Pluto system, including color and panchromatic maps, 1.25–2.50 micron spectral images for studying surface compositions, and measurements of Pluto’s atmosphere (temperatures, composition, hazes, and the escape rate). Additional measurement objectives include topography, surface temperatures, and the solar wind interaction. The fulfillment of these measurement objectives will broaden our understanding of the Pluto system, such as the origin of the Pluto system, the processes operating on the surface, the volatile transport cycle, and the energetics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The mission, payload, and strawman observing sequences have been designed to achieve the NASA-specified measurement objectives and maximize the science return. The planned observations at the Pluto system will extend our knowledge of other objects formed by giant impact (such as the Earth–moon), other objects formed in the outer solar system (such as comets and other icy dwarf planets), other bodies with surfaces in vapor-pressure equilibrium (such as Triton and Mars), and other bodies with N₂:CH₄ atmospheres (such as Titan, Triton, and the early Earth).     

镀金属碳毡在电磁屏蔽材料中的应用

将三维网络结构的碳毡引入电磁屏蔽材料的应用,对其特有的电磁性能及网络结构作了分析,并进行了复合材料屏蔽效果计算和修正。研究表明：利用碳毡的孔洞结构和尺寸,辅之以金属镀层,能在较宽的频率内对电磁波有良好的屏蔽效率,且不需要很大的填充量。     

Elemental Abundances of the Bulk Solar Wind: Analyses from Genesis and ACE

Analysis of the Genesis samples is underway. Preliminary elemental abundances based on Genesis sample analyses are in good agreement with in situ-measured elemental abundances made by ACE/SWICS during the Genesis collection period. Comparison of these abundances with those of earlier solar cycles indicates that the solar wind composition is relatively stable between cycles for a given type of flow. ACE/SWICS measurements for the Genesis collection period also show a continuum in compositional variation as a function of velocity for the quasi-stationary flow that defies the simple binning of samples into their sources of coronal hole (CH) and interstream (IS).