平流层飞艇热仿真初步探讨

结合平流层的环境条件和平流层飞艇的特点，文章详细分析了影响飞艇热平衡的基本热源和换热途径，建立了平流层飞艇的传热数学模型，给出了飞艇内表面冷热部分相互之间的辐射换热模型，在此基础上，对于某概念飞艇进行了仿真分析，得出了蒙皮热点、蒙皮冷点以及艇内气体的温度，为进一步开展平流层飞艇的热分析奠定基础。     

大型星载Ku波段波导缝隙阵列天线 ——宽频带设计及热变形分析

高度计波导缝隙阵列天线是高增益、低副瓣天线子系统, 其宽频带、窄波 束等特点对天线设计将提出较高要求. 天线阵面较大, 在空间环境冷热交替 的作用下会发生形变, 因此, 有必要研究形变对天线电性能的影响. 本文采 用天线阵分区馈电、波导中心馈电以及加载元件等技术, 解决了天线宽频带 设计问题, 并针对热变形问题, 提出一种分析天线热变形对其电性能影响的 新方法. 现已加工出8×10阵列天线实验件, 实测结果表明, 1.3以下 驻波带宽为340MHz, E面副瓣电平为-25.9dB, H面副瓣电平 为-27.2dB, 满足实际要求, 验证了设计方法的有效性.     

角接触球轴承分析模型的数值求解

建立了内圈静止、外圈旋转的角接触球轴承分析模型,考虑了滚动体的离心力、陀螺力矩以及弹性流体动 力润滑作用.建立了非线性方程组未知量的约束条件,解决了Newton-Raphson法求解方程易出现不收敛的问 题.以两个角接触球轴承为算例,分析了轴承内、外圈分别旋转对应力的影响,以及转速和径向载荷对轴承工作 性能的影响.结果表明,轴承外圈转时接触应力随转速增大而显著增大,内圈转时则无明显变化;低转速下外圈 转的接触应力明显低于内圈转;较小的径向栽荷下外圈转的接触应力高于内圈转;轴承微区滑动速度受转速和径向栽荷的影响显著.通过Jones球轴承拟静力学分析程序计算,验证了模型和程序的有效性.     

一种新的无人机运动目标测速技术

为了满足无人机对运动目标的测速需求,提出一种基于机载光电侦察平台的目标测速算法。建立包括飞机速度、飞机姿态角速率、摄像机指向角速率等15个变量的测速数学模型,并分析测速误差的形成,推导了误差计算公式。仿真结果表明,在无人机目标测速过程中,角速率测量误差对目标测速精度影响较大,尤其是飞机的俯仰角速率误差、横滚角速率误差、摄像机的高低角速率误差对测速精度的影响更为明显,这为提高目标测速精度指明了方向。     

卫星光通信APT控制系统H∞设计

 捕获瞄准跟踪(APT)控制系统的设计是影响整个星间光通信系统性能的重要因素。利用指向偏差的概率分布阐述了卫星光通信过程中捕获概率、跟踪误差及误码率受卫星平台振动和终端装置参数摄动的影响,通过功率谱分析了卫星平台振动在低频段、对象不确定性在高频段对指向偏差的影响,并对其进行了模型化分析。采用H_∞控制混合灵敏度设计方法同时抑制干扰和处理受控对象不确定性问题进行控制器设计。仿真验证表明该方法得到的控制器对平台干扰具有抑制力,对对象摄动具有鲁棒性。     

Filtering of discontinuous processes arising in marine integratednavigation systems

A refined stochastic model for the errors of the Loran-C radio navigation aid is described, and it is shown how this model can be used to improve the performance of integrated navigation systems. In addition to the usual propagation errors, Loran-C time of arrival measurements are occasionally plagued with sudden intermittent errors of a particular magnitude and caused by receiver cycle selection errors. These result in sudden large jumps in the calculated position solution. The Loran-C error has been modeled as the sum of a diffusion process, representing the normal propagating errors, and a pure jump process of Poisson type, representing the cycle selection errors. A simple integrated navigation system is then described, based on the Loran-C model and the standard dead reckoning (heading and speed) system model. Assuming that the observed process is governed by a linear stochastic difference equation, a recursive linear unbiased minimum variance filter is developed, from which the Loran-C and dead reckoning errors, and hence position and velocity, can be estimated     

The effect of small vibrations on Marangoni convection and the free surface of a liquid bridge

The effects of small vibrations on Marangoni convection were investigated experimentally using a liquid bridge of 5 cSt silicone oil with a disk diameter of 7.0 mm, and an aspect ratio close to 0.5. Experiments were performed to determine the critical temperature difference data for no vibration case and with small vibrations applied. The experimental results have shown that the effect of small vibrations on the onset of oscillatory flow is small since the critical temperature difference data for different aspect ratios were not affected by the vibrations. To clarify the surface oscillation phenomena induced by external vibrations, a 3-D numerical simulation model was also developed using a level set algorithm to predict the surface oscillations of isothermal silicone oil bridges. By subjecting the liquid bridge to small vibrations, the surface oscillation characteristics were predicted numerically, and the numerical results compared well with the predictions of an analytical model proposed previously. Furthermore, the effect of small vibrations on the surface vibration amplitude of the liquid bridge is also discussed.     

Surface characteristics of spacecraft components affect the aggregation of microorganisms and may lead to different survival rates of bacteria on Mars landers

Layers of dormant endospores of Bacillus subtilis HA101 were applied to eight different spacecraft materials and exposed to martian conditions of low pressure (8.5 mbar), low temperature (-10 degrees C), and high CO(2) gas composition and irradiated with a Mars-normal ultraviolet (UV-visible- near-infrared spectrum. Bacterial layers were exposed to either 1 min or 1 h of Mars-normal UV irradiation, which simulated clear-sky conditions on equatorial Mars (0.1 tau). When exposed to 1 min of Mars UV irradiation, the numbers of viable endospores of B. subtilis were reduced three to four orders of magnitude for two brands of aluminum (Al), stainless steel, chemfilm-treated Al, clear-anodized Al, and black-anodized Al coupons. In contrast, bacterial survival was reduced only one to two orders of magnitude for endospores on the non-metal materials astroquartz and graphite composite when bacterial endospores were exposed to 1 min of Mars UV irradiation. When bacterial monolayers were exposed to 1 h of Mars UV irradiation, no viable bacteria were recovered from the six metal coupons listed above. In contrast, bacterial survival was reduced only two to three orders of magnitude for spore layers on astroquartz and graphite composite exposed to 1 h of Mars UV irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy images of the bacterial monolayers on all eight spacecraft materials revealed that endospores of B. subtilis formed large aggregates of multilayered spores on astroquartz and graphite composite, but not on the other six spacecraft materials. It is likely that the formation of multilayered aggregates of endospores on astroquartz and graphite composite is responsible for the enhanced survival of bacterial cells on these materials.     

基于CFAR检测的SAR噪声干扰效果评估方法

在研究美国林肯实验室的SAR恒虚警(CFAR)自动目标检测方法的基础上,分析了CFAR目标检测技术在不同噪声干扰强度下检测概率的变化情况,并结合图像相关性分析得出一种改进的基于CFAR检测技术的SAR噪声干扰效果评估方法.     

Frequency Domain Interpolation

A formula is derived for interpolation between output samples of a fast Fourier transform (FFT), i.e., in the frequency domain. Such a formula is useful for obtaining greater frequency resolution when two coarse FFT outputs are available. Consideration is also given to the effect of such interpolation on a weighted FFT.