A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

一种新型水溶性芯模的制备和性能

概述了金属模具不易脱模的形状复杂的复合材料结构件成型中遇到的工艺技术难题,着重对水溶性芯模的制备工艺特点和性能进行了研究,并将所制得的水溶性芯模成功的用于树脂基复合材料结构件的制造中。结果表明,水溶性芯模的各项性能满足复杂异型复合材料结构件制造的要求。     

Multiple model particle flter track-before-detect for range ambiguous radar

The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.     

基于分段模型的测速雷达电波折射误差修正方法

针对高精度测速系统在优化设备时取消探空气象测量的要求,提出用统计大气折射率剖面分段模型代替探空测量剖面,并在此基础上建立了基于分段模型的测速雷达电波折射误差修正方法。利用某测站历史气象数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明精度较高,基本上能够满足测速雷达数据处理电波折射修正的精度要求。     

亚燃燃烧室稳态工作过程数值研究

采用Fluent流场计算软件,对液体亚燃冲压发动机燃烧室的稳态工作过程,包括点火前的冷流场与点火后的两相反应流场进行数值模拟研究。首先,通过二维计算,对比研究两种不同阻塞比燃烧室方案的冷流损失特性与回流区特性,进行方案初选。随后,对选型后方案进行两相反应流场计算,研究燃烧室热态工作过程的温度场、燃油分布与燃烧效率的一般规律,比较并选择适合的燃油供应方案;最后,对燃烧室进行三维详细结构的建模并计算。计算结果很好地揭示了燃烧室内的流动和燃烧过程,与试验数据吻合较好。     

几种GEOSAR上成像算法比较

地球同步轨道SAR具备着低轨SAR所不具有的优势,然而其具有合成孔径时间长、慢速运动的特点,成像处理远比低轨SAR复杂。针对地球同步轨道＂8＂字形星下点轨迹的特点,结合现有的成像算法,对GEOSAR回波信号进行了建模,对成像算法的选择做了说明,主要分析了BP算法、RD算法、CS算法。最后在对三种算法分别仿真的基础上详细地比较了算法在地球同步轨道上的适应性、成像效果以及计算量。     

载人航天器在轨维修性系统设计

针对载人航天器在轨维修的特殊性,提出了适用于载人航天器系统设计的维修性设计思想。根据维修性设计理论和工程设计的实际需求,建立了载人航天器维修性系统设计流程,给出了维修性系统指标的确定方法、在轨可更换设备的选择方法、以及维修性分配和预计方法。为载人航天器系统维修性设计提供了一个技术途径。     

一种预测驾驶员操纵行为的建模方法

在飞机设计中,应用驾驶员数学模型预测飞机飞行品质是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一.驾驶员神经网络模型是利用飞行模拟实验数据建立的驾驶员模型.基于该模型,针对纵向单通道俯仰跟踪任务,详细讨论了具有不同增益、不同短周期振荡频率飞机构型的驾驶员操纵行为变化规律.研究结果表明:对于特性相似的飞机构型,其驾驶员操纵特性也相似.因此,提出了一种利用相似构型的驾驶员操纵行为特性建立驾驶员预测模型的方法.通过对预测模型进行精度评价,可以证明采用本方法能够获得比较满意的驾驶员操纵行为特性预测结果.     

Vectran织物复合材料冲击响应与失效模式分析

文章以Vectran纤维织物与涂覆低温硅胶的Vectran织物复合材料为研究对象,通过低速冲击实验研究了材料的冲击响应与破坏模式,分析了冲击速率、冲头尺寸与冲头形状对材料冲击特性的影响。实验结果表明:Vectran纤维织物冲击破坏模式主要为主纱线的拉伸破坏,以及冲头非接触区域纱线的弹塑性变形与滑移;涂覆硅胶的Vectran织物复合材料冲击破坏模式主要为纤维断裂和拔出;织物复合材料具有明显的应变速率效应。     

对地观测卫星总体参数多学科优化

针对对地观测卫星总体参数设计问题,建立了以对地观测性能最佳为目标的多学科优化模型,考虑姿轨控制、电源、结构、推进、有效载荷5个分系统的设计变量和相应约束条件,并考虑运载火箭对卫星设计的约束条件,通过经验公式建立分析模型.采用协同优化方法,利用外点罚函数法将系统级优化问题转化为无约束优化问题以改善协同优化系统级的数值缺陷,建立了多学科设计优化框架.计算结果表明通过优化可提升卫星的对地观测性能,验证了该方法的合理性.建模思路与优化方法可望用于更贴合工程实际的卫星参数设计.