Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.     

基于量子化、芯片化的先进计量测试技术发展动态

计量是国家质量基础的重要组成部分,产品质量的提升离不开科学、精准的计量。工业发达国家极为重视计量测试技术的发展。通过搜集、整理量子效应计量、芯片级计量等国内外大量文献资料,归纳分析了近年来国外先进计量测试技术发展动态与趋势。以量子技术和基本物理常数为基础建立量子计量基标准,将大幅提高测量准确度和稳定性,结合量子效应的微加工技术实现芯片尺度的测量等,微纳尺度计量技术也在科学研究、精密测量、智能制造等领域得到广泛应用。本文可为我国计量技术发展提供借鉴。     

基于小波变换的自适应多用户检测算法

在分析传统自适应多用户检测的基础上 ,提出了一种基于小波变换的自适应多用户检测算法。用小波变换进行前处理 ,然后再通过 LMS算法实现自适应多用户检测。与通常的自适应多用户检测算法相比 ,该算法利用了小波变换对小波空间进行了分解 ,信号经小波变换后自相关性会下降 ,收敛速度提高。同时在此分解过程中 ,根据信号与白噪声在不同尺度上的小波变换模极大值表现完全不同的特性进行信号的消噪。理论分析和仿真结果表明 ,该算法收敛速度较快 ,计算量增加较少 ,易于实时实现 ,而且具有良好性能。同时仿真实验表明 ,收敛速度与小波基选择有关 ,对于同一小波基系列 ,小波基的正则性越好收敛速度越快     

圆柱壳热应力的理论与实验研究

本文根据薄壳的经典理论,导出了在受有轴对称的多项式温度分布条件下,圆柱壳的位移、内力和热应力的理论公式。并以三次多项式温度分布为例,计算了三种边界条件(自由端、固支端、简支端)下,理论的和有限元的热应力曲线,对固支端进行了热应力实验,绘制了实验曲线。最后,对三种情况作了分析对比,结果表明,理论与有限元计算曲线相当吻合,计算与实验曲线分布趋势一致。     

末制导雷达检测接口标准化初探

在分析现役反舰导弹末制导雷达检测接口现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了末制导雷达检测接口标准化思想,并设计了一种能够覆盖我海军所有现役反舰导弹末制导雷达检测接口而且可扩展的末制导雷达标准检测接口。     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

用激光干涉技术测量转速的研究

叙述了一种新型转速激光干涉测量方法,详细分析了这种方法的工作原理,确定了本测量方法的转速测量范围,给出了实验结果。     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

卫星控制系统全物理仿真

仿真是应用相似定理和类比关系来研究事物 ,也就是用模型代替实际系统进行实验和研究。在卫星控制系统仿真中 ,根据所介入的模型的不同 ,分为数学仿真和物理仿真两类。卫星控制系统全物理仿真是研制卫星过程中特有的一种仿真方法 ,它利用气浮台作为运动模拟器 ,又称为气浮台仿真。本文主要叙述卫星控制系统全物理仿真的原理和用途 ,简要介绍单轴气浮台和三轴气浮台两个全物理仿真系统的组成、主要设备的技术指标以及卫星控制系统全物理仿真的几个实例     

制样压应力对显微拉曼光谱法获取碳材料结构参数的影响

为了研究金相制样过程中压应力对获取碳材料拉曼特征参数R的影响,对不同温度处理的碳纤维和树脂碳进行了研究.结果表明,制样过程中的压应力对准确获取碳材料的拉曼特征参数具有一定的影响,尤其是对经过高温处理硬度较小的碳材料的影响更大,造成了碳材料R的增大.建议在制备碳材料的显微拉曼光谱测试试样时采用较小的压应力.