加力燃烧室三维两相化学反应流数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对某型发动机加力燃烧室进行了三维两相化学反应流的数值计算;应用有限速率化学反应模型和离散相雾化模型描述了加力燃烧室中复杂的三维两相化学反应过程。计算中给出了冷热态的流场变量和化学组分分布,以及燃烧效率和总压恢复系数沿流程的变化关系,与试验结果符合较好。     

金属材料延性断裂韧度测试中的柔度方法研究

 对紧凑拉伸(CT)试样的柔度转动修正方法进行了研究,理清了现行柔度转动修正方法存在的问题,给出了新的转动修正方法,并提出了考虑转动效应的CT试样的裂纹嘴张开位移(CMOD,V₀)与加载线张开位移(V_LL)的转换公式。弹塑性有限元分析表明,CT试样产生刚性转动的中心并不在试样的剩余韧带中心,而是在偏靠裂纹尖端的位置;转动半径 R 基本不受材料本构关系的影响,仅与CT试样的裂纹长度a与宽度W之比(a/W)有关,从而提出了R与a/W之间的单调多项式;当裂纹尖端产生较大程度的塑性变形时,需要考虑转动效应对CT试样裂纹张开位移(COD)测量的影响, J积分的塑性功计算须采用经转动修正后的COD。采用两种延性材料Cr2Ni2MoV和16MnR对COD转换公式进行了实验验证,结果表明,基于转动分析的COD转换公式由于考虑了裂纹尖端附近区域的弹塑性变形行为,用于断裂韧性测试中的塑性功计算更加符合实际,且同实验结果符合良好;直通型紧凑拉伸(FFCT)试样的刚性转动对较大裂纹扩展情形下的J_R阻力曲线影响较大。     

Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

阻燃钛合金高温变形行为研究

通过等温恒应变速率热模拟压缩试验,研究了一种铸态组织的阻燃钛合金在变形温度900~1200℃,应变速率0.001～1s-1下的高温流变应力和组织演变,计算了变形激活能及应力指数,并给出了该合金变形的本构方程.结果表明,此种阻燃钛合金高温变形是扩散控制的过程,软化机制以动态回复为主,但在应变速率较高时会发生项链状动态再结晶,而在应变速率较低时会发生连续再结晶,合金中的碳化物形貌在高温变形过程中也会发生转变.     

一种嵌入式系统软件的非干涉测试方法

传统的嵌入式系统软件测试方法对被测试系统有一定的干涉效应,影响了测试结果的精确性和正确性.采用"非干涉测试方法"可以将这种影响消除,从而得到精确的测试结果,是一种准确反映被测试目标系统真实运行状态的测试方法.与传统的测试方法不同,该方法的特点在于对目标系统完全是非干涉的.通过分析非干涉测试方法的基本特征,提出了该方法的应用模型.在这个模型中,有3个组成部分是必需的,包括静态分析模块,动态分析模块和通过硬件采集目标系统状态信息的数据采集子系统.静态分析模块对被测试软件静态特征进行分析,指导硬件采集子系统如何采集以及动态分析模块如何解析采集的数据.在整个测试周期,"非干涉测试方法"不需要在目标软件中驻留任何仅用于测试的可执行代码.      

Simulation of ASTROD I test mass charging due to solar energetic particles and interplanetary electrons

As ASTROD I travels through space, its test mass will accrue charge due to exposure of the spacecraft to high-energy particles. This test mass charge will result in Coulomb forces between the test mass and the surrounding electrodes. In earlier work, we have used the GEANT 4 toolkit to simulate charging of the ASTROD test mass due to cosmic-ray protons of energies between 0.1 and 1000 GeV at solar maximum and at solar minimum. Here we use GEANT 4 to simulate the charging process due to solar energetic particle events and interplanetary electrons. We then estimate the test mass acceleration noise due to these fluxes. The predicted charging rates range from 2247 e⁺/s to 47,055 e⁺/s, at peak intensity, for the four largest SEP events in September and October 1989. Although the noise due to charging exceeds the ASTROD I budget for the two larger events, it can be suppressed through continuous discharging. The acceleration noise during the two small events is well below the design target. The charging rate of the ASTROD I test mass due to interplanetary electrons in this simulation is about −11% of the cosmic-ray protons at solar minimum, and over −37% at solar maximum. In addition to the Monte Carlo uncertainty, an error of ±30% in the net charging rates should be added to account for uncertainties in the spectra, physics models and geometry implementations.     

动力入流对旋翼操纵导数影响的研究

动力入流理论把旋翼扰动运动所引起的气动力变化和诱导速度变化直接联系起来,是一种简便而实用的旋翼非定常气动力模型。本文把动力入流模型引入旋翼操纵响应分析,建立了一套计算旋翼操纵力和力矩的分析模型,并在旋翼模型试验台上进行旋翼悬停操纵导数试验。通过试验值与理论值(计入和不计入动力入流)的对比分析,证明了动力入流模型的适用性,初步弄清了不同条件下动力入流的影响程度。本文还用一个简化模型分析了动力入流对不同型式的旋翼(无铰式、根部较柔软的无铰式和铰接式)的影响程度,得出了与传统观点不同的结论。     

前飞状态旋翼桨毂载荷实测及计算

利用旋翼模型试验装置在４．２５ｍ×５．１ｍ风洞中进行了前飞状态旋翼模型试验研究。测量了两种前进比下，２ｍ直径４叶桨叶铰接式旋翼在不同的总距扰动及不同的正弦周期变距扰动时的桨毂力和力矩，建立了前飞状态旋翼桨毂载荷的分析方法，引入了动力入流模型。计算与试验值吻合较好。总距扰动时，动力入流影响很大，周期变距扰动时，动力入流影响较小。     

Immobilization of PANI on Mesoporous Carbon:Preparation and Supercapacitor Performance

Polyaniline(PANI)was effectively immobilized on the surface of ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC)by using Mn_2O_3 as sacrificial template.The observed microstructure and morphology indicate that a thin layer of PANI was coated on OMC uniformly.As a supercapacitor electrode material,the discharge capacity of the optimized PANI/OMC could reach 467 F/g,which is far higher than that of OMC,PANI and Mn_2O_3/OMC.Furthermore,PANI/OMC composites with different content of PANI are obtained by adjusting the amount of Mn_2O_3 on OMC and their properties are characterized.The results show that a thin layer of PANI can improve the capacity of PANI/OMC composites effectively and the further increase of PANI reduces the capacity of PANI/OMC composites.The sacrificial template method presented here is beneficial to coating a layer of polymer on carbon materials,and the content of polymer layer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of Mn_2O_3 in Mn_2O_3/OMC.     

固体火箭发动机概念设计 CAD 专家系统设计

介绍了固体火箭发动机ＣＡＤ专家系统设计、内容、技术关键及实现的技术途径。重点探讨了固体火箭发动机设计知识的表示法,并在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下用ＢｏｒｌａｎｄＣ＋＋面向对象程序设计方法进行专家系统设计实现。