载人航天器初样试验总体规划

载人航天器初样研制阶段的系统级地面试验是为了充分验证系统总体设计的正确性以及技术要求和指标要求的满足情况,以此完善和修正系统总体方案。文章给出载人航天器初样的试验规划、试验方案、试验流程等,为后续载人航天器的研制提供参考。     

载人航天器系统重量控制方法研究

系统的重量设计和控制贯穿于载人航天器研制的全过程,在型号研制中占有非常重要的地位。文章结合载人航天器型号研制实践,描述了载人航天器系统重量构成、重量控制流程、不同研制阶段的重量控制要点、系统重量控制体会以及轻量化设计措施,为未来载人航天器型号设计和减重研究提供借鉴与参考。     

典型布局民用飞机的地面系留特性研究

飞机在地面停机时会受到恶劣天气影响,对飞机停机情况的气动力研究是评估停机安全的关键。为了分析典型布局民用飞机的地面侧风气动力差异,确定典型系留载荷,针对两种典型布局民用飞机,在风洞中采用缩比模型和固定地板模拟飞机停机,测量飞机在0°～180°地面侧风情况下的气动力,进一步通过部件组拆测量方法分析尾翼部件气动力耦合效应;确认垂尾平尾布局耦合效应是在侧风情况下低平尾布局飞机抬头力矩较大、以及高平尾布局飞机抬头力矩较小的原因,采用工程估算方法得到后倾翻情况的前起落架系留载荷。结果表明：俯仰气动力差异导致低平尾布局飞机的前起落架系留载荷明显增加,而对高平尾布局飞机影响较小。     

太阳系边际探测飞行任务规划

针对太阳系边际探测任务,开展了星际多目标飞越的任务规划,采用小推力混合优化设计方法完成了基于借力飞行及电推进技术的行星际转移轨道联合优化设计,对比研究了面向日球层鼻尖和尾部探测的星际多目标探测飞行方案。研究表明,探测器在2024-2025年发射,可飞抵日球层鼻尖区域,在2027-2030年发射可飞抵日球层尾部区域,并可在2049年1月1日前飞离日心100 AU,实现太阳系边际空间的科学探测。其中日球层鼻尖探测任务探测器飞抵100 AU的位置位于鼻尖中心区域,可与旅行者1号、2号探测器形成有效互补。文章所用任务规划方法,可为太阳系边际探测的自主任务规划技术提供基础,相关研究成果能够为未来中国首次太阳系边际探测任务的实施提供有价值的参考。     

Experimental study of curvature effects on jet impingement heat transfer on concave surfaces

Experimental study of the local and average heat transfer characteristics of a single round jet impinging on the concave surfaces was conducted in this work to gain in-depth knowledge of the curvature effects. The experiments were conducted by employing a piccolo tube with one sin-gle jet hole over a wide range of parameters: jet Reynolds number from 27000 to 130000, relative nozzle to surface distance from 3.3 to 30, and relative surface curvature from 0.005 to 0.030. Exper-imental results indicate that the surface curvature has opposite effects on heat transfer characteris-tics. On one hand, an increase of relative nozzle to surface distance (increasing jet diameter in fact) enhances the average heat transfer around the surface for the same curved surface. On the other hand, the average Nusselt number decreases as relative nozzle to surface distance increases for a fixed jet diameter. Finally, experimental data-based correlations of the average Nusselt number over the curved surface were obtained with consideration of surface curvature effect. This work con-tributes to a better understanding of the curvature effects on heat transfer of a round jet impinge-ment on concave surfaces, which is of high importance to the design of the aircraft anti-icing system.     

浅谈并行工程原理及其在项目研制中的应用

叙述了并行工程方法的起源和发展过程,并通过具体课题概述了并行工程的基本原理及在项目研制过程中的应用方法。     

多边比较中G-K系统的存在性和唯一性研究

在进行国际比较问题研究中,人们经常使用著名的G-K系统方法,然而关于该方法是否存在唯一的正解一直是经济学家们争论的问题.本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对该问题进行了深入、广泛地探讨,获得了关于购买力平价国际多边比较中G-K方法的唯一正解的存在性和唯一性若干个等价条件,并指出了Prasada的文献中论证该问题的错误.另外,本文还研究了G-K系统的唯一正解的自动生成问题,并对此作出了经济学解释.      

A permanently-acting NEA damage mitigation technique via the Yarkovsky effect

In the later stages of a combined mission of exploration and damage mitigation of a hazardous Near Earth Asteroid (NEA), sufficiently detailed tracking, orbit prediction, mass distribution, and physical properties data have been accumulated. It may be desirable to implement a “slow push” damage mitigation technique that is capable of altering the NEA orbit continuously and permanently. This possibility was suggested in a companion paper that outlined an archetypal exploration/mitigation mission to the NEA 99942 Apophis, which is achieved using a novel albedo change approach. The details and apparatus used in the albedo modification technique are described in the paper. We describe the design details and the constraints on particle size (to prevent electrostatic levitation and escape) and on the dispensing speed (to achieve the desired coverage zone and prevent particles from orbiting or escaping).     

构建“突出数字”的教学体系 创新“强化实践”的实验方法

本文是对《电工学〈电子技术〉》课程的改革与实践的总结,主要介绍了＂强化数字,突出集成,注重实践＂的模块化教学体系和阶梯式实验方法。