Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

幂律过程拟合优度检验的功效比较

幂律过程常被用于描述复杂系统的可靠性增长模型和可修系统的可靠性分析。本文考虑定数截尾场合幂律过程的７种拟合优度检验统计量,在备选假设为对数幂律过程时,比较了这７种检验法的功效。大量随机模拟计算表明,当ｒ在较宽的范围内,Ｆ检验法的功效比其余６种检验法都要高。     

平面激光诱导荧光显示火焰中OH的分布图像

用平面激光诱导荧光技术测量了平面火焰炉、原子气化炉和超声速燃烧室的单脉冲激光诱导OH荧光。由平面荧光图可得到氢氧基相对浓度分布和它的厚度。由超声速燃烧室的OH荧光测量 ,可以看出不同时间OH分布的差别。氢氧基的PLIF图像是研究火焰结构和流场的有力工具。     

基于时频图像形态学的雷达信号IF估计

针对低信噪比下雷达信号的IF估计,提出一种将时频分析和图像处理相结合的估计方法.首先通过时频变换将一维信号转化为二维时频图像;然后采用形态学方法去除时频图像上的噪声点和毛刺,并将其骨骼化;最后采用图像处理中标注连接分量的方法,区分出不同分量的雷达信号以及噪声分量,并通过统计信号分量的行索引和列索引估计出信号的IF.对SFM、LFM和FSK信号的IF估计进行了仿真分析,实验结果表明该方法能够在较低信噪比下有效地估计出信号的IF,同时也适用于多分量信号.     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

高低温环境下金属橡胶材料疲劳特性试验研究

以高低温等太空极端环境中的减振需求为背景，对设计制作的固支圆盘型金属橡胶试件进行了高低温环境疲劳特性试验研究，并根据刚度衰退特性提出了金属橡胶构件的疲劳失效判据。研究结果表明：金属橡胶材料的疲劳破坏形式主要是金属丝的断裂破碎和磨损，宏观上表现为试件动态刚度的不断衰减，且在相同振幅下，金属橡胶试件的刚度衰减速度随环境温度的降低而加快，随温度的升高而减缓。在整个疲劳试验过程中，试件损耗因子变化幅度较小，阻尼性能相对比较稳定。     

矢量喷管机构运动功能可靠性分析

针对矢量喷管机构的运动特点,将其运动过程分为2个摆动阶段和1个定位阶段,应用概率论和随机过程理论建立了对应这3个阶段的运动功能可靠性分析模型;采用有限元软件ANSYS和机构仿真分析软件ADAMS相结合的办法,得到机构目标变量的分布;根据建立的3个阶段的可靠度数学模型,计算了矢量喷管机构的可靠度。     

高温处理对中密度针刺C/C复合材料性能的影响

针对C/C复合材料脆性问题,对密度为1.60 g/cm3的碳布叠层针刺C/C复合材料进行了1800、2 000、2 200和2 500℃的高温处理,研究了不同热处理温度对C/C复合材料微晶结构、力学和抗热震等性能的影响.结果表明,高温处理使针刺C/C复合材料的层间剪切和面内拉伸强度出现不同程度的降低,但材料的断裂伸长率和抗热震性能得到大幅度提高.其中,1 800℃高温处理后的C/C复合材料具有优异的力学和抗热震性能.