《儒林外史》及其英译本人称照应衔接手段对比

人称照应衔接手段存在于英汉两种语言中。基于韩礼德的衔接理论,以《儒林外史》及其英译本为例,对比英汉语中人称照应衔接手段的异同,并从意合与形合,螺旋型与直线型及语法化程度对差异进行解释。     

在飞行中女飞行员的机组配合

安全是民航飞行永恒的主题。作为安全最直接的保障者和消灭事故的最后防线是飞行员,他们肩负着巨大的压力。保证安全不只是某个飞行员的责任,而是整个机组的责任。只有在科学高效的机组配合条件下,才能充分发挥整个机组的潜力,最大限度地保障飞行安全。飞行员一直是男性占主体,随着民航、军航女性飞行员的加入和成长,飞行机组的配合方式有所改变,这里主要探讨飞机飞行过程中女性飞行员加入以后机组配合的特点,及如何在实际中提高异性机组配合能力。     

Long term variability of total ozone yearly minima and maxima in the latitudinal belt from 20°N to 60°N derived from the merged satellite data in the period 1979–2008

This paper deals with the behavior of the annual cycle of total ozone (ACO3) and its amplitude (O3_AMP) in the latitudinal belt from 20°N to 60°N. The prominent feature of the O3_AMP spatial pattern is the sharp maximum over the north-east coast of Asia. The spatial correlation of O3_AMP with its highest/lowest value varies with location: in the middle latitudes it correlates predominantly with the values of annual maxima of total ozone, while in the lower latitudes, there is a strong negative correlation with the values of ACO3 minima. Regarding temporal evolution of O3_AMP we detected distinct negative trend in the period of 1979–1995 which is caused by stronger negative trend of maxima than the negative trend of minima in ACO3. In the period 1995–2008 we found the positive trend of ACO3 in most regions due to stronger positive trend of maxima than that of minima in ACO3 in the middle latitudes (especially over the central and northern Europe and the north-east Asia). In the lower latitudes a weak negative trend of O3_AMP was identified and linked to weaker positive trend of maxima than positive trend of minima in ACO3. The behavior of the temporal trends was linked to the changes in Brewer–Dobson circulation and to the trends of tropopause pressure.     

执行器故障的挠性航天器姿态滑模容错控制

针对挠性航天器执行器卡死与失效故障的姿态稳定控制问题,提出一种改进型滑模容错控制策略.与传统的滑模控制相比,该方法能削弱传统滑模控制中抖振现象对姿态控制精度的影响,且它采用自适应技术在线估计系统中的不确定参数,从而保证控制性能对外部干扰、不确定甚至时变转动惯量具有良好的鲁棒性.该控制器并不需要任何在线或离线的故障信息,...     

合成气扩散燃烧的OH-PLIF测量

为了解中低热值合成气在燃气轮机燃烧室中的燃烧特性,利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)法,对模型燃烧室内CH4和具有不同C-H比的合成气旋流扩散火焰开展实验研究.实验结果表明,CH4与合成气火焰呈现出截然不同的火焰形状,瞬态OH-PLIF图像揭示了它们具有湍流火焰的共同特征,且火焰都稳定在喷嘴出口位置.相比之下,CH4燃烧...     

中热值合成气扩散燃烧速度特性的实验研究

针对CH4和中热值合成气的旋流燃烧室进行了PIV测量,获得了不同燃料燃烧对火焰流场变化的影响。实验结果表明：在相同入口条件下,合成气燃烧时的火焰张角略大,回流区宽度和回流强度均高于CH4火焰,燃气流量较低时,合成气火焰的湍流强度更大,燃气流量增大后,CH4的燃烧脉动速度逐渐增大并超过合成气。     

Dynamics analysis of space robot manipulator with joint clearance

A computational methodology for analysis of space robot manipulator systems, considering the effects of the clearances in the joint, is presented. The contact dynamics model in joint clearance is established using the nonlinear equivalent spring-damp model and the friction effect is considered using the Coulomb friction model. The space robot system dynamic equation of manipulator with clearance is established. Then the dynamics simulation is presented and the dynamics characteristics of robot manipulator with clearance are analyzed. This work provides a practical method to analyze the dynamics characteristics of space robot manipulator with joint clearance and improves the engineering application. The computational methodology can predict the effects of clearance on space robot manipulator preferably, which is the basis of space robot manipulator design, precision analysis and ground test.     

空化对航行器垂向入水特性影响机理研究

航行器以一定速度入水过程中将发生空化现象,这对其受力特性及运动轨迹都有重要影响,是跨介质航行器的关键问题。针对航行器不同速度垂向入水中的空化现象开展了数值模拟研究,采用整体运动网格方法,分析了航行器垂向入水过程中,空化和入水速度对运动特性及流场演化的影响。研究结果表明,超空泡主要从航行器外形斜率改变处开始生成,空泡的闭合与溃灭都会造成受力曲线的较大波动。超空泡的减阻效果主要在航行器完全进入水面后体现,且航行器垂向入水速度越大,阻力系数越小。     

升力加载法在起落架缓冲器性能研究中的应用

针对某型飞机前起落架,在ADAMS/A ircraft软件环境下建立对应的虚拟样机模型。通过编制仿真控制文件,采用直接在起落架上加载当量升力而非折算当量质量的方法,研究了升力作用对缓冲器性能的影响,更加真实地实现了对起落架有仿升落震试验的模拟。最后,通过对比分析进一步验证了该种升力加载方法的有效性和可靠性,为型号研制中起落架缓冲系统的下一阶段的详细设计工作奠定了基础。     

考虑机翼尾流影响的运输类飞机后体气动外形优化设计（英文）

在某典型运输机翼身组合体的构型上,进行了考虑机翼尾流影响的机身后体气动外形优化设计研究。基于翼身组合体构型建立了考虑尾流影响和部分工程约束的优化设计系统,并对后体构型在巡航状态下进行了优化设计。以比较适合描述后体变形的NURBS样条基函数为空间控制体属性引入FFD自由变形技术,通过在FFD控制框架对该运输机后体进行了空间属性构建。采用无限差值动网格技术提高空间网格的更新效率并保证网格质量。利用改进Kriging代理模型、量子粒子群优化算法提高优化效率和全局寻优能力。为减小巡航阻力,对某运输机后体的上翘角、截面形状等参数进行了优化设计,优化结果显示,设计后的机身气动特性明显提高。