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361.
R. H. D. Corbet A. P. Smale J. W. Menzies G. Branduardi-Raymont P. A. Charles K. O. Mason 《Space Science Reviews》1985,40(3-4):415-419
We present optical spectroscopy and photometry of 4U 1258-61 obtained over the course of six years. Evidence for the evolution of a circumstellar envelope throughout the course of the observations is presented. 相似文献
362.
B. Aschenbach 《Space Science Reviews》1985,40(3-4):447-465
A progress report is given on our current interpretation of the X-ray emission from supernova remnants. Previous results from earlier experiments, the Einstein Observatory in particular, are reviewed and supplemented by the most recent data from the Exosat mission for a selection of remnants (Puppis-A, Cas-A, SN 1006, RCW103, W49B). Major improvements come from using the high energy spectra obtained with Exosat which indicate the presence of a very hot electron component in both young and old thermal remnants. Despite the fact that non-equilibrium ionization has been found in some cases, the spectra of most remnants investigated so far are not well represented by single non-equilibrium models, but require at least two components. An impression of the variety of plasma states which can be found in remnants is obtained from Exosat low energy filter spectroscopy of Puppis-A, which shows temperature variations on scales as small as 1. 相似文献
363.
Lazarus A. J. Belcher J. W. Paularena K. I. Richardson J. D. 《Space Science Reviews》1998,83(1-2):87-92
We discuss the solar wind parameters measured in the distant heliosphere from the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Periodic variations in the speed of the wind observed at roughly the solar rotation period may correspond to interaction regions between slower and faster streams of wind. Since the interplanetary magnetic field is enhanced in such regions, they are important for the study of modulation of cosmic rays. Unfortunately, direct observation of the enhanced magnetic field from Voyager 2 has been made difficult by spacecraft-associated noise since 1989. 相似文献
364.
Spilker James J. Luby Donald D. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1967,(1):71-82
A special-purpose adaptive machine is described which carries out estimation in real time of an unknown binary waveform which is perturbed with additive Gaussian noise. Unknown waveforms of over 103 samples in duration can be recovered. The unknown waveforms are of unknown epoch and can reappear at either random or periodic time intervals. The observed signal is received at moderate or low signal-to-noise ratios so that a single observation of the received data (even if one knew the precise signal arrival time) is not sufficient to provide a good estimate of the signal waveshape. Experimental results are described which show transient behavior waveform estimate. The transient behavior is expressed as the number of errors in the current estimate of the signal plotted vs. time. In a noisy environment, each ``learning' transient is a random time function. These learning transients are shown for several different signal-to-noise ratios and indicate the threshold noise levels for various types of initial states of the machine memory. 相似文献
365.
Klumpar D.M. Möbius E. Kistler L.M. Popecki M. Hertzberg E. Crocker K. Granoff M. Tang Li Carlson C.W. McFadden J. Klecker B. Eberl F. Künneth E. Kästle H. Ertl M. Peterson W.K. Shelly E.G. Hovestadt D. 《Space Science Reviews》2001,98(1-2):197-219
The Time-of-flight Energy Angle Mass Spectrograph (TEAMS) is being flown on the FAST Small Explorer mission to measure the 3-dimensional distribution function of the major ion species present in the lower magnetosphere. The instrument is similar to time-of-flight plasma analyzer systems that have been designed and planned for flight as CODIF (COmposition and DIstribution Function analyzer) on the four European Space Agency Cluster-II spacecraft and, as ESIC (Equator-S Ion Composition instrument) on Equator-S. This instrument allows the 3-dimensional distribution functions of individual ion species to be determined within
spin period (2.5 s). Two-dimensional distributions are measured in 80 ms. These capabilities are crucial for the study of selective energization processes in the auroral regions of the magnetosphere. The design, operational characteristics, and test and calibration results for this instrument are presented. The sensor consists of a toroidal top-hat electrostatic analyzer with instantaneous acceptance of ions over 360° in polar angle. After post-acceleration of the incoming ions by up to 25 kV, a time-of-flight mass spectrograph discriminates the individual species. It has been demonstrated through calibration that the instrument can easily separate H+, He2+, He+, O+ and, for energies after post-acceleration of > 20 keV, even O2
+ molecules. On-board mass discrimination and the internal accumulation of several distinct data quantities combined with the spacecraft's flexible telemetry formatting allow for instrument data rates from 7.8 kb s–1 to 315 kb s–1 to be telemetered to ground through the FAST centralized Instrument Data Processor. 相似文献
366.
Ergun R.E. Carlson C.W. Mozer F.S. Delory G.T. Temerin M. McFadden J.P. Pankow D. Abiad R. Harvey P. Wilkes R. Primbsch H. Elphic R. Strangeway R. Pfaff R. Cattell C.A. 《Space Science Reviews》2001,98(1-2):67-91
We describe the electric field sensors and electric and magnetic field signal processing on the FAST (Fast Auroral SnapshoT) satellite. The FAST satellite was designed to make high time resolution observations of particles and electromagnetic fields in the auroral zone to study small-scale plasma interactions in the auroral acceleration region. The DC and AC electric fields are measured with three-axis dipole antennas with 56 m, 8 m, and 5 m baselines. A three-axis flux-gate magnetometer measures the DC magnetic field and a three-axis search coil measures the AC magnetic field. A central signal processing system receives all signals from the electric and magnetic field sensors. Spectral coverage is from DC to 4 MHz. There are several types of processed data. Survey data are continuous over the auroral zone and have full-orbit coverage for fluxgate magnetometer data. Burst data include a few minutes of a selected region of the auroral zone at the highest time resolution. A subset of the burst data, high speed burst memory data, are waveform data at 2×106 sample s–1. Electric field and magnetic field data are primarily waveforms and power spectral density as a function of frequency and time. There are also various types of focused data processing, including cross-spectral analysis, fine-frequency plasma wave tracking, high-frequency polarity measurement, and wave-particle correlations. 相似文献
367.
C. Paizis A. Raviart B. Heber B. Falconi Ph. Ferrando H. Kunow R. Müller-mellin 《Space Science Reviews》2001,97(1-4):349-354
Previous work on the latitudinal gradient and on the amplitude of the recurrent cosmic ray decreases, has shown that their
magnitude does not decrease monotonically with the particle rigidity, but it presents a broad maximun around 1–2 GV. We have
extended this analysis to study the behaviour of cosmic-ray particles during the modulation steps in the rising part of the
solar activity of the present Solar cycle. We found that the ‘depth’ of the modulation step decreases monotonically with increasing
rigidity and that the least energetic particles are the last to reach their minimum intensity value. We also considered in
this analysis electrons of equal rigidity to study the influence of the charge sign on the particle behaviour during the modulation
steps.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
368.
T.E. Moore M.O. Chandler M.-C. Fok B.L. Giles D.C. Delcourt J.L. Horwitz C.J. Pollock 《Space Science Reviews》2001,95(1-2):555-568
The discovery of terrestrial O+ and other heavy ions in magnetospheric hot plasmas, combined with the association of energetic ionospheric outflows with geomagnetic activity, led to the conclusion that increasing geomagnetic activity is responsible for filling the magnetosphere with ionospheric plasma. Recently it has been discovered that a major source of ionospheric heavy ion plasma outflow is responsive to the earliest impact of coronal mass ejecta upon the dayside ionosphere. Thus a large increase in ionospheric outflows begins promptly during the initial phase of geomagnetic storms, and is already present during the main phase development of such storms. We hypothesize that enhancement of the internal source of plasma actually supports the transition from substorm enhancements of aurora to storm-time ring current development in the inner magnetosphere. Other planets known to have ring current-like plasmas also have substantial internal sources of plasma, notably Jupiter and Saturn. One planet having a small magnetosphere, but very little internal source of plasma, is Mercury. Observations suggest that Mercury has substorms, but are ambiguous with regard to the possibility of magnetic storms of the planet. The Messenger mission to Mercury should provide an interesting test of our hypothesis. Mercury should support at most a modest ring current if its internal plasma source is as small as is currently believed. If substantiated, this hypothesis would support a general conclusion that the magnetospheric inflationary response is a characteristic of magnetospheres with substantial internal plasma sources. We quantitatively define this hypothesis and pose it as a problem in comparative magnetospheres. 相似文献
369.
SAR ATR performance using a conditionally Gaussian model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
O'Sullivan J.A. DeVore M.D. Kedia V. Miller M.I. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2001,37(1):91-108
A family of conditionally Gaussian signal models for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is presented, extending a related class of models developed for high resolution radar range profiles. This signal model is robust with respect to the variations of the complex-valued radar signals due to the coherent combination of returns from scatterers as those scatterers move through relative distances on the order of a wavelength of the transmitted signal (target speckle). The target type and the relative orientations of the sensor, target, and ground plane parameterize the conditionally Gaussian model. Based upon this model, algorithms to jointly estimate both the target type and pose are developed. Performance results for both target pose estimation and target recognition are presented for publicly released data from the MSTAR program 相似文献
370.