Modelling of Geomagnetic Storm Effects in the Ionosphere of East Asia

This paper presents simulated results of the ionospheric behavior during few geomagnetic storms,which were occurred in the different seasons. The numerical model for ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling was used to interpret the observed variation of ionosphere structure. Reasons why the positive storms are dominant in the winter whereas the negative ones are dominant in the summer season present the special interest for the mid-latitude ionosphere. A theoretical analysis of the processes controlling the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storms has showed a good agreement between the simulated results and measurements, as well as the crucial role of the neutral composition variations to fit the calculated and the observed ionospheric parameters.      

Hydrogeologic controls on episodic H2 release from precambrian fractured rocks--energy for deep subsurface life on earth and mars

Dissolved H(2) concentrations up to the mM range and H(2) levels up to 9-58% by volume in the free gas phase are reported for groundwaters at sites in the Precambrian shields of Canada and Finland. Along with previously reported dissolved H(2) concentrations up to 7.4 mM for groundwaters from the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, these findings indicate that deep Precambrian Shield fracture waters contain some of the highest levels of dissolved H(2) ever reported and represent a potentially important energy-rich environment for subsurface microbial life. The delta (2)H isotope signatures of H(2) gas from Canada, Finland, and South Africa are consistent with a range of H(2)-producing water-rock reactions, depending on the geologic setting, which include both serpentinization and radiolysis. In Canada and Finland, several of the sites are in Archean greenstone belts characterized by ultramafic rocks that have under-gone serpentinization and may be ancient analogues for serpentinite-hosted gases recently reported at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field and other hydrothermal seafloor deposits. The hydrogeologically isolated nature of these fracture-controlled groundwater systems provides a mechanism whereby the products of water-rock interaction accumulate over geologic timescales, which produces correlations between high H(2) levels, abiogenic hydrocarbon signatures, and the high salinities and highly altered delta (18)O and delta (2)H values of these groundwaters. A conceptual model is presented that demonstrates how periodic opening of fractures and resultant mixing control the distribution and supply of H(2) and support a microbial community of H(2)-utilizing sulfate reducers and methanogens.     

Microbial populations in Antarctic permafrost: biodiversity, state, age, and implication for astrobiology

Antarctic permafrost soils have not received as much geocryological and biological study as has been devoted to the ice sheet, though the permafrost is more stable and older and inhabited by more microbes. This makes these soils potentially more informative and a more significant microbial repository than ice sheets. Due to the stability of the subsurface physicochemical regime, Antarctic permafrost is not an extreme environment but a balanced natural one. Up to 10(4) viable cells/g, whose age presumably corresponds to the longevity of the permanently frozen state of the sediments, have been isolated from Antarctic permafrost. Along with the microbes, metabolic by-products are preserved. This presumed natural cryopreservation makes it possible to observe what may be the oldest microbial communities on Earth. Here, we describe the Antarctic permafrost habitat and biodiversity and provide a model for martian ecosystems.     

涡轮叶栅前缘上游端壁气膜冷却的流场实验研究

对前缘上游端壁有单排和双排孔冷却的大尺寸低速涡轮导向叶栅进行了气动测量、热示踪和端壁流场显示,在吹风比1～3范围获得了叶栅内的详细流场、冷气的空间分布和端壁上的流动图案。结合先前测得的没有冷却时的流场数据,这些结果表明端壁气膜冷却对叶栅流场结构有重大影响,吹风比是主宰射流与二次流间相互作用的主要因素,双排孔喷射使冷气比单排孔喷射更贴近端壁。低吹风比喷射冷气不能到达压力面并被二次流逐渐卷离端壁;中吹风比喷射有效的抑制了二次流的形成,并使端壁流线偏向于无粘流流线,冷气很均匀的覆盖在端壁上。      

Radio Heliographic Diagnostics of Solar Activity That Governs Space Weather

In this paper, the possibility and some results of radioheliographic study of space weather solar factors are shortly described.     

DAIS航空电子软件研制技术

软件研制技术的主要目的是产生正确的工作软件.把本文提供的技术应用于一个完整的软件工程研制计划时,可降低产品的价格和寿命期费用,同时保持了高可靠性。空军 DAIS 计划担负着降低军用航空电子系统的研制、维护和寿命期费用的任务.DAIS 系统提供了一种硬件配置,该配置便于硬件维修、更换和增长.高级软件(HOS)提供一种产生高可靠性软件的方法,此软件是建立在一种高级的设计和开发基础上的.HOS 原理应用于 DAIS 系统,产生了标准的航空电子软件设计和管理方法,该设计方法建立了一个与 DAIS 目标相一致的软件结构标准;该管理方法提供了一种严格受控的、安排很好的软件开发过程,该过程受配置管理方案、开发和验证方法及自动生成文件支持。这里没有给出另一些软件费用因素是:软件的获得过程、人力的安排和组织、航空电子系统方案和支援软件的可移植性。这些费用因素是重要的,因为处理得不合理时,有时会发挥不出好的开发技术的益处。本文假定这些因素不影响 DAIS 航空电子软件所使用的技术。     

煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射的实验观察

本文目的是研究煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射问题,并与静止和亚声速气流中的结果进行对比。改造普通油嘴并采用单次高压燃油喷射系统,得到不同延时的流场阴影照片。结果表明：在超声速气流中,射流柱破碎是由迎风面的表面波引起的,破碎点位于表面波的波谷。雾化过程过分四个区域。射流激波由近射流柱的迎风面,并在人壁反射,非定常喷射的波系演化复杂。煤油在亚声速气流中喷射,不存在射流激波,破碎点沿射流柱上移,穿透深     

航天飞机指控中心Unix工作站中专家系统的实时数据获取

最具代表性的美国技术杰作之一可能是位于德克萨斯州休斯顿的约翰逊航天中心的航天指挥控制中心(MCC)。该中心各指挥室经历了美国技术史上许多重大事件,如首次登月、营救天空实验室以及首次发射航天飞机。60年代初MCC首次启用时,的确是技术杰作。然而该设施自阿波罗任务后只进行过不大的改进。直到最近,它仍然维持着以单主机的结构,     

航空发动机燃烧室出口温度场双向测量方法

介绍了1种航空燃烧室出口温度场正、反向测量的新方法。使用1个角度传感器(编码器)记录摆动装置的双向转动角度,达到了双向采集和测量温度场数据的目的;在程序中设定正、反向切换时的空程,在测量中予以消除,解决了齿轮传动中存在的空程角度难题,使得正、反向旋转测量的实际位置一致,保证了温度场试验数据的重复性。试验证明温度场数据较好地满足了重复性的要求。