遥感卫星自截断SPIHT压缩译码技术

链表式SPIHT算法是目前公认最好的压缩方案,但是由于其传输中具有极差的抗误码特性,在遥感图像数据压缩中的应用具有一定局限性。本文提出的自截断式SPIHT压缩算法使得译码器在出现“致使性”误码的情况下能够自动中止该帧数据流译码,使得误码不至于扩散到整幅图像之中。为SPIHT算法在遥感图像数据压缩中的应用提供了理论依据。     

国外卫星的两种检漏方法分析

：介绍了国外卫星“真空检漏法”和“累积检漏法”的检漏原理和主要操作步骤。对这两种方法的检漏特点进行了分析与评估，认为国产卫星选择真空检漏法较妥。     

The BOOMERANG experiment

The BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic RAdiation aNd Geophysics) experiment is an international effort to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy on angular scales of 20 to 4°, with unprecedented sensitivity, sky and spectral coverage. The telescope will be flown from Antarctica by NASA-NSBF with a long duration stratospheric balloon (7–14 days), and is presently scheduled for flight in 1995–1996. The experiment is designed to produce an image of the Cosmic Microwave Background with high sensitivity and large sky coverage. These data will tightly constrain the baryon density, the reionization history, and the formation of large-scale structure in the universe. BOOMERANG will test technologies and return science data that are essential to the design of a future space-borne mission to map CMB anisotropy.     

Psychomotor performance during a 28 day head-down tilt with and without lower body negative pressure

Several factors may affect psychomotor performance in space: sensory-motor changes, sleep disturbances, psychological modifications induced by the social isolation and confinement. However, psychomotor performance is difficult to assess. A battery of standardized and computerized tests, so-called "Automated Portable Test System" (APTS) was devised to ascertain the cognitive, perceptive and motor abilities and their possible fluctuations according to environmental effects. Antiorthostatic bedrest, often used to simulate weightlessness, (particularly cardiovascular modifications) also constitutes a situation of social confinement and isolation. During two bedrest experiments (with head-down tilt of -6 degrees) of 28 days each, we intended to assess psychomotor performance of 6 males so as to determine whether: on the one hand, it could be altered by remaining in decubitus; on the other, the Lower Body Negative Pressure sessions, designed to prevent orthostatic intolerance back on Earth, could improve the performance. To accomplish this, part of the APTS tests as well as an automated perceptive attention test were performed. No downgrading of psychomotor performance was observed. On the contrary, the tasks were more accurately performed over time. In order to assess the experimental conditions on the acquisition phase, the learning curves were modelled. A beneficial effect of the LBNP sessions on simple tests involving the visual-motor coordination and attention faculties can only be regarded as a mere trend. Methods used in this experiment are also discussed.     

结构非线性对颤振特性的影响

基于描述函数法，对操纵系统的结构非线性问题，提出了用于描述函数法的耦合模态和非耦合的综合计算模型，使用跨音速非定常空气动力，对扑动间隙和旋转间隙进行研究，揭示了全动水平尾翼振动的根源主要是操纵间隙造成的，为其它同类问题提供了可行的工程分析方法。     

椭圆外切2n+1边形中切顶线三角形有向面积的定值定理及其应用

本文给出椭圆外切2n 1边形中一类切顶线三角形有向面积的一个定值定理及其若干推论，其中包括射影几何中著名的Brisanchon定理在椭圆外切三角形中的情形。     

The optical constants of gypsum particles as analog of Martian sulfates

Various indications seem to suggest that in the past the Martian climate allowed the presence of liquid water on the surface of the planet. It is therefore reasonable to think that bodies of standing water were once present in basins such as craters or depressions and that evaporite deposits of sulfates could have formed in these basins. The identification of such deposits, which might have survived in some regions of the planet, could confirm the present hypothesis about the ancient climate on Mars. Recent analyses of Mars spectra, obtained by ground-based observations, show bands consistent with sulfate features. If such data have to be interpreted with the aid of synthetic spectra, the knowledge of the complex refractive index of some sulfate is necessary. In this work we present the optical constants of submicron particles of gypsum (a typical hydrate–sulfate very common on Earth), derived by means of the dispersion theory from transmission spectra. We have performed the calculation of the optical constants in the wavelength range 2–70 μm, also in view of the wide spectral range covered by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) on board of the ESA space mission Mars Express. The data have been compared with optical constants obtained by other authors from reflectance measurements of particulate samples.     

Role of shielding in modulating the effects of solar particle events: Monte Carlo calculation of absorbed dose and DNA complex lesions in different organs.

Distributions of absorbed dose and DNA clustered damage yields in various organs and tissues following the October 1989 solar particle event (SPE) were calculated by coupling the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code with two anthropomorphic phantoms (a mathematical model and a voxel model), with the main aim of quantifying the role of the shielding features in modulating organ doses. The phantoms, which were assumed to be in deep space, were inserted into a shielding box of variable thickness and material and were irradiated with the proton spectra of the October 1989 event. Average numbers of DNA lesions per cell in different organs were calculated by adopting a technique already tested in previous works, consisting of integrating into "condensed-history" Monte Carlo transport codes--such as FLUKA--yields of radiobiological damage, either calculated with "event-by-event" track structure simulations, or taken from experimental works available in the literature. More specifically, the yields of "Complex Lesions" (or "CL", defined and calculated as a clustered DNA damage in a previous work) per unit dose and DNA mass (CL Gy-1 Da-1) due to the various beam components, including those derived from nuclear interactions with the shielding and the human body, were integrated in FLUKA. This provided spatial distributions of CL/cell yields in different organs, as well as distributions of absorbed doses. The contributions of primary protons and secondary hadrons were calculated separately, and the simulations were repeated for values of Al shielding thickness ranging between 1 and 20 g/cm2. Slight differences were found between the two phantom types. Skin and eye lenses were found to receive larger doses with respect to internal organs; however, shielding was more effective for skin and lenses. Secondary particles arising from nuclear interactions were found to have a minor role, although their relative contribution was found to be larger for the Complex Lesions than for the absorbed dose, due to their higher LET and thus higher biological effectiveness.     

Author Index

Authors Index

Author Index     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) – Theoretical selection

The development of plant-based Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) is a requirement for the realization of long-duration exploratory-class manned missions in so far as they help fulfilling astronauts’ needs including nutritional demands, air regeneration and psychological support.