网络化飞行器执行机构故障自适应容错控制

针对存在随机短时延和外部干扰的网络化飞行器执行机构故障问题,提出了一种自适应容错控制方法。首先利用扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)对系统不确定性进行估计,并构建了自抗扰控制器对不确定性进行补偿。在此基础上,设计了一种基于跟踪误差的自适应容错控制方法。当执行机构发生未知故障后执行机构指令能自适应逼近设计值,使得重构的控制系统精确跟踪参考模型。最后利用Lyapunov函数方法证明了闭环控制系统的有界稳定。数值仿真校验了所提方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude

This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995–2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5–7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms.     

Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

Control of Lunar and Martian dust--experimental insights from artificial and natural cyanobacterial and algal crusts in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China

Studies on the colonization of environmentally extreme ground surfaces were conducted in a Mars-like desert area of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, with microalgae and cyanobacteria. We collected and mass-cultured cyanobacterial strains from these regions and investigated their ability to form desert crusts artificially. These crusts had the capacity to resist sand wind erosion after just 15 days of growth. Similar to the surface of some Chinese deserts, the surface of Mars is characterized by a layer of fine dust, which will challenge future human exploration activities, particularly in confined spaces that will include greenhouses and habitats. We discuss the use of such crusts for the local control of desert sands in enclosed spaces on Mars. These experiments suggest innovative new directions in the applied use of microbe-mineral interactions to advance the human exploration and settlement of space.     

剪切稠化流体（n=2）环管层流运动分析

从非牛顿流体运动微分方程式出发,利用积分、级数展开和数值计算方法,对剪切稠化流体（n=2）在环形通道中的流动进行了分析和计算,推出了该流体在环形通道中流动的速度、流量、平均速度和平均应变速度等关系式,绘制了几种不同R1／R2比值条件下的流体在管道横断面上的速度分布图,讨论了压力降与流量、速度与环管半径之间的关系,为工程计算提供了可靠的理论依据。     

地外天体超声波钻探器研究与应用综述

分别探讨了国内外各科研机构研制的超声波钻探器的原理及性能特点,重点针对超声波钻探器的钻进过程优化问题,分析了现有的超声波钻探器作动方式的改进过程,结果表明:超声波钻探器在理论及试验研究方面都相对成熟,是未来地外天体采样任务中优势突出、可工程实现的钻探平台;并且轻质、结构紧凑的回转冲击式超声波钻探器更具有应用前景.对压电...     

一种基于迁移学习的遥测数据异常检测方法

为解决卫星遥测数据异常检测面临的数据不平衡且缺乏有标签样本的问题,提出一种基于一维卷积神经网络(1dCNN)迁移学习的异常检测方法.首先利用源域卫星的遥测数据对1dCNN进行预训练,使得模型的卷积层具有卫星状态特征的提取能力;然后将训练好的模型迁移到缺乏标签数据的目标域卫星中;利用目标域有标签样本对预训练模型进行微调,...     

共轴反转直升机传动系统构型现状

共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机由共轴反转的两幅旋翼实现悬停和爬升,由尾推进桨实现高速前飞,旋翼不需要倾转,相对倾转式旋翼机可靠性更高,具有较好的发展前景.共轴反转传动系统是共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机的关键传动部件.本文分析了共轴反转传动系统构型原理;针对共轴反转输出功能需求,将共轴反转传动系统分为以圆柱齿轮为基础、以锥齿轮为基础、...     

基于分布质量轴模型的尾传动轴系临界转速分析

以直升机尾斜轴为研究对象,推导了传动轴的分布质量传递矩阵,模型中考虑了弯矩、横向位移、剪切变形、转动惯量、陀螺力矩和轴向力等 因素的综合影响。建立了膜片联轴器和弹性支承的传递矩阵。给出了尾传动轴系临界转速的计算方法。以三支点水平轴系为分析对象,将本文传递矩阵法计算的结果与有限元法计算的结果进行了对比分析,以检验本文传递矩阵法的有效性。本文传递矩阵法相对于有限元法的最大计算误差为4.1%,表明本文传递矩阵法的计算精度较高,同时本文传递矩阵法的计算速 度更快,便于设计人员进行尾传动轴系临界转速的影响因素分析。     

疲劳破坏寿命的概率统计方法研究综述

概述了结构疲劳破坏寿命特性概率统计方法研究的发展及理论基础，从常规疲劳特性P－S－N曲线的研究应用、疲劳裂纹扩展率统计模型研究现状以及损伤力学理论在疲劳强度中的研究展望来综述现有随机疲劳破坏寿命分布统计特性曲线的研究方法和工程应用，同时介绍该领域研究的新成果新方法，对疲劳破坏随机性研究的未来发展的关键及趋势提出看法。