网络化飞行器执行机构故障自适应容错控制

针对存在随机短时延和外部干扰的网络化飞行器执行机构故障问题,提出了一种自适应容错控制方法。首先利用扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)对系统不确定性进行估计,并构建了自抗扰控制器对不确定性进行补偿。在此基础上,设计了一种基于跟踪误差的自适应容错控制方法。当执行机构发生未知故障后执行机构指令能自适应逼近设计值,使得重构的控制系统精确跟踪参考模型。最后利用Lyapunov函数方法证明了闭环控制系统的有界稳定。数值仿真校验了所提方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude

This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995–2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5–7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms.     

Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

Control of Lunar and Martian dust--experimental insights from artificial and natural cyanobacterial and algal crusts in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China

Studies on the colonization of environmentally extreme ground surfaces were conducted in a Mars-like desert area of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, with microalgae and cyanobacteria. We collected and mass-cultured cyanobacterial strains from these regions and investigated their ability to form desert crusts artificially. These crusts had the capacity to resist sand wind erosion after just 15 days of growth. Similar to the surface of some Chinese deserts, the surface of Mars is characterized by a layer of fine dust, which will challenge future human exploration activities, particularly in confined spaces that will include greenhouses and habitats. We discuss the use of such crusts for the local control of desert sands in enclosed spaces on Mars. These experiments suggest innovative new directions in the applied use of microbe-mineral interactions to advance the human exploration and settlement of space.     

剪切稠化流体（n=2）环管层流运动分析

从非牛顿流体运动微分方程式出发,利用积分、级数展开和数值计算方法,对剪切稠化流体（n=2）在环形通道中的流动进行了分析和计算,推出了该流体在环形通道中流动的速度、流量、平均速度和平均应变速度等关系式,绘制了几种不同R1／R2比值条件下的流体在管道横断面上的速度分布图,讨论了压力降与流量、速度与环管半径之间的关系,为工程计算提供了可靠的理论依据。     

基于分布质量轴模型的尾传动轴系临界转速分析

以直升机尾斜轴为研究对象,推导了传动轴的分布质量传递矩阵,模型中考虑了弯矩、横向位移、剪切变形、转动惯量、陀螺力矩和轴向力等 因素的综合影响。建立了膜片联轴器和弹性支承的传递矩阵。给出了尾传动轴系临界转速的计算方法。以三支点水平轴系为分析对象,将本文传递矩阵法计算的结果与有限元法计算的结果进行了对比分析,以检验本文传递矩阵法的有效性。本文传递矩阵法相对于有限元法的最大计算误差为4.1%,表明本文传递矩阵法的计算精度较高,同时本文传递矩阵法的计算速 度更快,便于设计人员进行尾传动轴系临界转速的影响因素分析。     

疲劳破坏寿命的概率统计方法研究综述

概述了结构疲劳破坏寿命特性概率统计方法研究的发展及理论基础，从常规疲劳特性P－S－N曲线的研究应用、疲劳裂纹扩展率统计模型研究现状以及损伤力学理论在疲劳强度中的研究展望来综述现有随机疲劳破坏寿命分布统计特性曲线的研究方法和工程应用，同时介绍该领域研究的新成果新方法，对疲劳破坏随机性研究的未来发展的关键及趋势提出看法。     

应用最优化理论中的投影定理计算平行正投影

拟应用最优化理论中的投影定理,从理论上严格证明物体平行正投影的存在和唯一性,并在此基础上建立一个全新的平行正投影计算方法.内容包括:①应用数学语言阐明三维物体平行正投影的含义;②应用最优化理论中的相关理论依次论证与投影定理有关的几个命题,并在此基础上严格证明物体平行正投影的存在和唯一性,以及利用傅里叶级数形式建立平行正投影计算式;③简要分析这种计算方法的特点.      

飞机装配型架标准接头定位器自动选取算法

在现代飞机结构中,整体结构件的应用导致了飞机装配型架结构中大量使用接头和工艺孔定位器.这些定位器一般由工作头和标准接头定位器两部分构成.为了缩短型架研制周期,在型架设计中开始推广应用CAD技术,包括开发型架专用设计系统.因此,研究接头定位器的自动设计,对进一步简化型架设计过程、提高设计效率具有重要的意义.标准接头定位器的自动选取是实现接头定位器自动设计的技术关键,就此提出了标准接头定位器自动选取的专门算法,其中包括提出并建立可定位域概念及其数据表示格式.该算法已应用于自行研制的飞机装配型架CAD系统中相关模块的开发,并取得了良好的应用效果。     

一种新型球副机构的设计及分析

提出一种新型球副机构,即1S机构.该机构由两个转动副和一个等效转动副组成,其运动功能等效为球副.1S机构可通过其变种构型增强刚度和增大运动角度.同时,以1S机构为基础,可构建N-S复合球副机构;与其他运动副进行复合,如移动副、额外的转动副等,可构建X-S机构.在复合铰链中,所有的运动副:(a)均具备相对独立的运动,(b...