An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

VTS雷达站选址问题优化模型

船舶交通管理系统（VTS,Vessel Traffic Services）雷达站选址方案对整个系统的功能正常发挥有重要影响.首先运用多层次模糊综合评价方法对雷达站候选点进行初选;然后建立了雷达站选址双目标优化模型,第1目标为总成本最小,包括雷达站的建设成本和雷达站与VTS中心的线路铺设成本,第2目标为被多重覆盖的水域单元权重之和最大;最后针对模型设计了遗传算法.算例分析显示,模糊综合评价可能去掉一些候选点,使得目标函数值变差,但是增加了方案的实际可行性.将程序运行10次,计算结果具有稳定性,本算法是收敛和稳定的,模型是可行的.     

壁面吊挂清洗机器人碰壁缓冲问题研究

从机器人自动上壁及缓冲的需求出发,分析了机器人拉力形成的机理、碰壁的原因和过程.利用空气动力学原理,给出了拉力的计算方法,采用机器人物理样机进行实验,对计算结果进行了验证.在拉力的作用下机器人与壁面贴合,同时伴随碰撞,其间冲击能量的吸收由机器人裙边和支撑机构所构成的缓冲装置承担.前者还要保证机器人贴壁后的密封,因此刚度不宜过大,后者还要保证机器人在壁面上稳定行走,因此它的刚度又不宜过小.给出了缓冲装置刚度的确定方法及其在裙边和支撑机构上的分配准则,可用于工程分析.     

基于未知地标被动观测的飞航导弹SINS俯仰姿态误差估计方法

针对飞航导弹单独使用时SINS存在姿态估计精度随时间降低的问题,提出了基于未知地标被动观测的SINS俯仰姿态误差估计方法。首先,根据飞航导弹中制导段飞行的特点,把SINS俯仰姿态误差估计问题转化为攻角估计问题。然后,在不改变导弹巡航路径的前提下,利用弹上成像导引头对视场内任意未知地标连续被动观测,分别提出了弹体坐标系和速度坐标系下的攻角估计方法,并分析了观测噪声对量测方程系数的影响。最后,利用平均去噪的思想对估计结果进行处理,提高了SINS俯仰姿态误差的估计精度。仿真结果表明：两种方法都能有效估计出飞航导弹SINS俯仰姿态量测误差。     

蜂窝夹层结构板的改制技术

基于同一公用平台卫星舱体蜂窝夹层结构板的外形和机械接口大致相同的特点,介绍了一种卫星舱体壁板的改制技术,采用切割、填充、加强、制孔、后埋等工艺方法,将结构星产品改制为电性星产品,能够大大降低成本,缩短周期。     

喷管两相流耦合数值模拟与粒子热增量预测

含有氧化铝粒子的两相流是固体火箭发动机喷管流场的重要特征.在有限体积方法框架下,采用基于热增量试验数据的粒子壁面反弹模型以及基于粒子轨道的单元内颗粒源(PSIC,Particle Source in Cell)两相流耦合算法,对喷管内两相流流场及粒子撞击产生的壁面热增量进行了计算和分析,研究了氧化铝粒子尺寸对粒子轨道分布和喷管壁面热增量分布的影响规律.研究结果表明:喷管扩张段内粒子稀疏区域范围随粒子直径增加而增大;粒子热增量只分布于喷管收缩段内,粒子直径越大,产生的壁面热增量越强.     

考虑跟踪制导的小天体着陆轨迹闭环优化方法

针对小天体着陆环境存在参数不确定性及初始状态偏差的特点,提出一种小天体着陆闭环优化方法,实现在节省燃料消耗的同时降低对参数的敏感度。首先,建立小天体着陆动力学模型,分析了燃料最优着陆问题;然后,采用线性二次型调节器设计了反馈制导律,推导闭环敏感度矩阵方程,构造燃料消耗和敏感度加权的性能指标,进而能够通过优化降低小天体着陆过程的敏感度。仿真结果表明,该闭环优化方法能有效降低对参数不确定性和初始状态偏差的敏感度,最终达到提高小天体着陆位置和速度精度的目标。     

地月循环轨道动力学建模与计算研究

根据地月循环轨道的概念,按照生成第二类周期轨道的弧段进行分类,并讨论了其共振性与对称性在轨道设计与应用中的作用。然后归纳了三种循环轨道的动力学建模与计算方法及其轨道延拓策略,最后总结了三种方法的利弊和应用轨道类型。对地月系统循环轨道的研究和分析,能够为我国未来载人登月工程提供一种新的思路与理论支持。     

航天器技术状态基线与技术状态文件的应用探讨

技术状态基线和技术状态文件管理是航天器研制过程中技术状态管理的重要组成部分。文章总结了航天器技术状态基线和技术状态文件的分类;针对在航天器实际应用中存在的对技术状态基线和技术状态文件的理解和认识不统一问题,梳理了研制阶段与技术状态基线的对应关系,并以此为基础探讨和分析了功能、研制(分配)与生产(产品)三类基线的建立,功能技术状态文件、研制技术状态文件和生产技术状态文件的形成与组成,以及技术状态控制过程中形成的文件归类问题。结合某新研遥感卫星技术状态管理过程,进一步阐述了新研航天器开展的与技术状态基线和技术状态文件相关的工作,并具体分析了形成的文件与技术状态文件的关系。该项目的应用效果表明,各阶段技术状态基线和文件的建立、确认、清理、总结等工作,有助于提高航天器技术状态管理的规范性和有效性。