Numerical evaluation of acoustic characteristics and their damping of a thrust chamber using a constant-volume bomb model

In order to numerically evaluate the acoustic characteristics of liquid rocket engine thrust chambers by means of a computational fluid dynamics method, a mathematical model of an artificial constant-volume bomb is proposed in this paper. A localized pressure pulse with a very high amplitude can be imposed on specified regions in a combustion chamber, the numerical procedure of which is described. Pressure oscillations actuated by the released constant-volume bomb can then be analyzed via Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), and their modes can be identified according to the theoretical acoustic eigenfrequencies of the thrust chamber. The damping performances of the corresponding acoustic modes are evaluated by the half-power bandwidth method. The predicted acoustic characteristics and their damping for a special engine combustor agree well with the experimental data, validating the mathematical model and its numerical procedures. A small-thrust liquid rocket engine chamber is then analyzed by the present model. The First Longitudinal (1L) acoustic mode can be excited easily and is hard to be damped. The axial position of the central constant-volume bomb has little influence on the amplitude and damping capacity of the First Radial (1R) and 1L acoustic modes. Tangential acoustic modes can only be triggered by an off-centered constant-volume bomb, among which the First Tangential (1T) mode is the strongest and regarded as the most harmful one. The amplitude of the 1L acoustic mode is smaller, but its damping factor is larger, as a constant-volume bomb is imposed approaching the injector face. These results are contributed to evaluate the acoustic characteristics and their damping of the combustion chamber.     

Numerical studies on supersonic spray combustion in high-temperature shear flows in a scramjet combustor

Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the shear flow is solved Eulerianly by means of direct numerical simulation, and the motions of individual sub-grid point-mass fuel droplets are tracked Lagrangianly. Spray combustion behaviors are studied under different ambient pressures. Results indicate that ignition kernels are formed at high-strain vortex braids, where the scalar dissipation rates are high. The flame kernels are then strongly strained, associated with the rotation of the shearing vortex, and propagate to envelop the local vortex. It is observed that the flammable mixtures entrained in the vortex are burned from the edge to the core of the vortex until the reactants are completely consumed. As the ambient pressure increases, the high-temperature region expands so that the behaviors of spray flames are strongly changed. An overall analysis of the combustion field indicates that the time-averaged temperature increases, and the fluctuating pressure decreases, resulting in a more stable spray combustion under higher pressures, primarily due to the acceleration of the chemical reaction.     

Interacting multiple model fixed-lag smoothing algorithm forMarkovian switching systems

We investigate a suboptimal approach to the fixed-lag smoothing problem for Markovian switching systems. A fixed-lag smoothing algorithm is developed by applying the basic Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) approach to a state-augmented system. The computational load is roughly d (the fixed lag) times beyond that of filtering for the original system. In addition, an algorithm that approximates the “fixed-lag” mode probabilities given measurements up to current time is proposed. The algorithm is illustrated via a target tracking simulation example where a significant improvement over the filtering algorithm is achieved at the cost of a time delay (i.e., data up to time k are used to produce the smoothed state estimate at time k-d where the fixed large d>0). the IMM fixed-lag smoothing performance for the given example is comparable to that of an existing IMM fixed-interval smoother. Compared with fixed-interval smoothers, the fixed-lag smoothers can be implemented in real-time with a small delay     

辐射测温技术在涡轮叶片温度场中的应用

本文利用辐射高温计ROTAMAPII测量了某型燃机二级涡轮转子叶片的发射率。通过对该燃机的试车获取了多个试验状态的数据．对试验状态9100r／min、2260kW下的试验数据进行分析表明,该燃机涡轮叶片温度场与理论要求是吻合的。     

短毫米波段波纹喇叭天线的新工艺

由于传统的机械加工精度的限制,在短毫米波段准光网络中,用作高斯馈源的波纹喇叭天线的设计加工成为难题.根据用户对高斯波束的参数要求提出了波纹喇叭天线的尺寸设计方案,采用了一种节约计算资源的模式匹配算法对包含大量波纹周期的波纹喇叭天线进行数值预测.针对短毫米波段波纹喇叭天线物理尺寸小、加工难度大的问题,提出了"迭片套装"法的加工工艺,即通过加工一系列圆环状波纹片和合理的工装结构而组装成完整的波纹喇叭天线.采用此工艺分别加工了工作在5mm和3mm波段的波纹喇叭天线,对其电性能进行了测试,并与数值计算结果进行了对比.      

余度MEMS-IMU/GPS组合导航系统

对采用余度配置的MEMS-IMU/GPS组合导航系统进行了研究。分析了微小型组合导航系统的特点和误差模型,针对惯性/GPS伪距组合导航模式下,卡尔曼滤波器需要对量测方程线性化的缺点,提出了基于改进平淡粒子滤波的滤波算法。该算法采用权值控制参数决定粒子是否进入平淡卡尔曼滤波器,有效降低了滤波计算量,并和UPF算法精度相当。研究表明,改进平淡粒子滤波算法对系统性能有明显提高,在GPS信号受到遮挡、暂时不可用的情况下,具有较好的抑制误差作用,适合余度微惯性/GPS组合导航系统的应用。     

航空薄壁零件加工变形的有限元分析

介绍了有限元法在薄壁件铣削加工中的应用,并运用ANSYS5.4有限元分析软件对典型薄壁框体零件的加工变形进行了分析计算,结果与实际加工情况相符,由此提出一种数控补偿方法来降低让刀误差,从而控制薄壁件的加工精度.     

金刚石与金属基体钎焊机理的研究

研究了在低熔点合金中添加Ti、Cr、V、Mo等强碳化物形成元素,在液相下通过与金刚石表面界面反应生成的碳化物膜,改善了合金钎料对金刚石表面的浸润性,从而实现钎料对金刚石的牢固粘结,进一步分析了影响钎焊质量的主要因素,为高性能金属基金刚石工具的制造提供理论和实践依据.作为一个应用实例,介绍了单层钎焊金刚石砂轮的工艺优势.     

多光谱CVD硫化锌材料的磨削去除机理

为了探究红外光学材料多光谱CVD硫化锌的磨削加工去除机理,对抛光后的多光谱CVD硫化锌材料进行显微压痕和金刚石单颗粒刻划实验研究,并采用金刚石砂轮对材料进行磨削加工。实验研究表明,多光谱CVD硫化锌材料在机械去除过程中出现了弹性和塑性变形现象,萌生的裂纹和破碎主要沿晶界、刻划方向、磨削纹理方向扩展,小的压力可抑制裂纹的萌生和扩展,采用尖头金刚石颗粒可获得破碎和裂纹更少的表面,采用垂直磨削法,磨削后形成了自中心至外缘呈周期性、散射状的磨削纹理。本研究可为多光谱CVD硫化锌红外透镜的精密、超精密加工提供技术依据。     

三轴振动试验系统工作平台的谐振频率分析

为验证并提高三轴振动试验系统工作平台的谐振频率,进而提高系统的工作频率范围,文章采用有限元软件对平台在自由状态下的模态进行仿真。比较仿真结果与三轴振动试验结果可以看出,对角和对边弯曲频率偏差较小。该结果可为后续设计工作提供相对精确的计算指导。