The plasma sheet and boundary layers under northward IMF: A multi-point and multi-instrument perspective

During conditions of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the near-tail plasma sheet is known to become denser and cooler, and is described as the cold-dense plasma sheet (CDPS). While its source is likely the solar wind, the prominent penetration mechanisms are less clear. The two main candidates are solar wind direct capture via double high-latitude reconnection on the dayside and Kelvin–Helmholtz/diffusive processes at the flank magnetopause. This paper presents a case study on the formation of the CDPS utilizing a wide variety of space- and ground-based observations, but primarily from the Double Star and Polar spacecraft on December 5th, 2004. The pertinent observations can be summarized as follows: TC-1 observes quasi-periodic (∼2 min period) cold-dense boundary layer (compared to a hot-tenuous plasma sheet) signatures interspersed with magnetosheath plasma at the dusk flank magnetopause near the dawn-dusk terminator. Analysis of this region suggests the boundary to be Kelvin–Helmholtz unstable and that plasma transport is ongoing across the boundary. At the same time, IMAGE spacecraft and ground based SuperDARN measurements provide evidence of high-latitude reconnection in both hemispheres. The Polar spacecraft, located in the southern hemisphere afternoon sector, sunward of TC-1, observes a persistent boundary layer with no obvious signature of boundary waves. The plasma is of a similar appearance to that observed by TC-1 inside the boundary layer further down the dusk flank, and by TC-2 in the near-Earth magnetotail. We present comparisons of electron phase space distributions between the spacecraft. Although the dayside boundary layer at Polar is most likely formed via double high-altitude reconnection, and is somewhat comparable to the flank boundary layer at Double Star, some differences argue in favour of additional transport that augment solar wind plasma entry into the tail regions.     

Near Earth Current Meander (Necm) Model of Substorms

We propose that the appropriate instability to trigger a substorm is a tailward meander (in the equatorial plane) of the strong current filament that develops during the growth phase. From this single assumption follows the entire sequence of events for a substorm. The main particle acceleration mechanism in the plasma sheet is curvature drift with a dawn-dusk electric field, leading to the production of auroral arcs. Eventually the curvature becomes so high that the ions cannot negotiate the sharp turn at the field-reversal region, locally, at a certain time. The particle motion becomes chaotic, causing a local outward meander of the cross-tail current. An induction electric field is produced by Lenz's law, E ^ind=–A/t. An outward meander with B _z>0 will cause E×B flow everywhere out from the disturbance; this reaction is a macroscopic instability which we designate the electromotive instability. The response of the plasma is through charge separation and a scalar potential, E ^es=–. Both types of electric fields have components parallel to B in a realistic magnetic field. For MHD theory to hold the net E must be small; this usually seems to happen (because MHD often does hold), but not always. Part of the response is the formation of field-aligned currents producing the well-known substorm current diversion. This is a direct result of a strong E ^ind (the cause) needed to overcome the mirror force of the current carriers; this enables charge separation to produce an opposing electrostatic field E ^es (the effect). Satellite data confirm the reality of a strong E in the plasma sheet by counter-streaming of electrons and ions, and by the inverse ion time dispersion, up to several 100 keV. The electron precipitation is associated with the westward traveling surge (WTS) and the ion with omega () bands, respectively. However, with zero curl, E ^es cannot modify the emf =Edl=–d^M/dt of the inductive electric field E ^ind (a property of vector fields); the charge separation that produces a reduction of E must enhance the transverse component E . The new plasma flow becomes a switch for access to the free energy of the stressed magnetotail. On the tailward side the dusk-dawn electric field with EJ<0 will cause tailward motion of the plasma and a plasmoid may be created; it will move in the direction of least magnetic pressure, tailward. On the earthward side the enhanced dawn-dusk induction electric field with EJ>0 will cause injection into the inner plasma sheet, repeatedly observed at moderate energies of 1–50 keV. This same electric field near the emerging X-line will accelerate particles non-adiabatically to moderate energies. With high magnetic moments in a weak magnetic field, electrons (ions) can benefit from gradient and curvature drift to attain high energies (by the ratio of the magnetic field magnitude) in seconds (minutes).     

单室双推力固体发动机静止试验分析方法

提出了一种根据静止试验压强，推力一时间曲线分析串装药柱单室双推力固体发动机性能的方法，用以计算其在助推段与续航段的特征速度Ｃ，比冲Ｉ，燃去药柱质量ｍ，和推进剂燃速ｒ等参数。此方法比实例验证可行，从而为完善这类发动机的性能分析提供了依据。     

RAPID – The Imaging Energetic Particle Spectrometer on Cluster

The RAPID spectrometer (Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors) for the Cluster mission is an advanced particle detector for the analysis of suprathermal plasma distributions in the energy range from 20–400 keV for electrons, 40 keV–1500 keV (4000 keV) for hydrogen, and 10 keV nucl^-1–1500 keV (4000 keV) for heavier ions. Novel detector concepts in combination with pin-hole acceptance allow the measurement of angular distributions over a range of 180° in polar angle for either species. Identification of the ionic component (particle mass A) is based on a two-dimensional analysis of the particle's velocity and energy. Electrons are identified by the well-known energy-range relationship. Details of the detection techniques and in-orbit operations are described. Scientific objectives of this investigation are highlighted by the discussion of selected critical issues in geospace.     

舰载机自动着舰模糊控制系统的设计

采用解析形式的模糊控制规则，并提出了修正因子的模糊数模型。通过对量化、比例和积分因子寻优，并用二元函数的直线插值算法对修正因子的模糊数模型插值，可以克服常规模糊控制器所固有的模糊量化误差与调节死区，从而消除了由于量化误差而引起的系统稳态误差与可能发生的稳态颤振现象，使所设计的模糊控制系统具有在线自调整控制规划功能和良好的动、静态性能。     

纳卫星激光反射器光机设计及激光测距分析

针对我国首个大气密度探测纳卫星高精度测轨应用需求,设计了重量约112g、有效反射面积大于1cm2、外形尺寸为Φ96mm×20mm的轻型八棱台结构被动型激光反射器,作为无功耗载荷应用于纳卫星激光精密测轨,解决了纳卫星高精度独立测轨和外部轨道精确标定问题。利用地面激光测距台站开展卫星跟踪和精密测量,提供亚厘米级精度的激光测量数据。根据激光雷达测距方程及地面测距系统参数,分析了纳卫星激光回波信号强度,以及激光观测数据精度。测量结果表明,纳卫星激光反射器设计结果与实测数据相符,测距数据精度达8~9mm,可以满足纳卫星高精度激光测距要求,并支持卫星精密定轨及大气密度探测科学任务。     

MBD模型本体建模及检索技术研究与应用

针对产品全三维数字化研制中产生的MBD历史建模数据重用性需求,提出了一种基于本体技术的MBD模型知识表达与管理方法,综合考虑几何信息与非几何信息进行检索应用。首先,根据MBD数据集规范性要求,以模型检索为目的,构建本体结构,分为几何信息层与非几何信息层进行具体阐述;其次,根据已构建本体结构,给出几何信息层与非几何信息层相似性对比方法;最终,综合几何信息与非几何信息,实现MBD模型检索。本文方法通过本体技术,将MBD模型数据进行结构化、语义化表达和存储,在此基础上,综合考虑几何信息相似度及非几何信息相似度,进行相似模型检索,实现MBD模型信息重用。     

裂纹参数和筋条布局对共振九宫板动态应力强度因子的影响

由于裂纹的出现会改变振动结构的断裂行为,本文建立了含中心裂纹九宫板结构的有限元模型并采用模态叠加原理快速求解出该结构在共振条件下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子（SIF）,然后分析并讨论了裂纹参数（偏转角度和裂纹长度）及筋条布局对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：随着裂纹偏转角度的增加,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型应力强度因子最大值分别表现出不同的变化趋势（单调增加、无显著变化、先增加后减小）;裂纹长度同时影响应力强度因子最大值和裂纹类型;对于裂纹参数相同的九宫板,筋条布局改变了结构的模态振型,从而导致不同裂纹类型出现;特别地,当九宫板中央区域为正方形时,应力强度因子最大值和裂纹类型对裂纹偏转角度不敏感。     

速率偏频激光陀螺偏频速率模糊PID自适应控制的设计与实现

应用模糊 PID自适应技术设计并实现了激光陀螺偏频速率的控制系统,结果表明 :偏频台速率平稳性优于 3.1 2× 1 0 - 4;角速率正反换向速度快,在± 60°/ s之间的转换时间约为 1 4 ms,而且换向过程速率超调很小。该控制系统在实际系统中得到了良好的应用     

一种由压电双晶片测量压电材料参数的动态模型

根据悬臂梁式压电双晶片的动态导纳矩阵 ,提出一种压电材料参数动态测试模型 ,用于测量压电双晶片的几个主要材料参数 :压电应变常数d3 1、机电耦合系数k3 1、介电常数εT3 3 、弹性柔顺系数sE11及材料参数的温度特性。这种测量方法不同于通常的由标准试样测量压电材料参数的方法 ,它直接由一种实用元件—压电双晶片 (非标准试样 )测量压电材料的参数。介绍了测试原理、测试步骤及一种实际试样的测试结果。理论与实验结果表明 :这种新的测试方法是可行的。