C/C复合材料在高超声速导弹上的应用研究

结合C/C复合材料构件在高超声速导弹上的热防护要求,通过采用该基体材料在高能量密度光照射下的防热性能试验.总结了C/C复合材料在高超声速导弹热防护技术中的应用特点,并就C/C复合材料在高超声速导弹上的应用做出了展望.     

发动机空气系统气源引气的研究进展

空气系统对航空燃气涡轮发动机的安全和有效工作起着非常重要的作用。空气系统从压气机中引气,改变了压气机内部的流动,与压气机的气动性能有着密切的联系。随着飞机功能和外部环境的复杂多样以及发动机涡轮前温度的提高,空气系统的气流量不断增大。特殊的弓l气位置和不断增大的引气量使得空气系统引气对压气机气动性能的影响逐渐凸显。本文对空气系统各功能气源引气的特点进行深入分析,综述压气机中间级引气的国内外研究进展,展望空气系统气源引气研究的发展趋势和应用前景。     

燃烧室长度对液态燃料旋转爆轰发动机性能影响实验研究

为了研究燃烧室长度对液态燃料旋转爆轰发动机性能的影响,在环形阵列式连续旋转爆轰发动机上,以汽油/富氧空气为工质,详细分析了不同燃烧室长度下爆轰波传播模态、平均压力峰值和传播速度的变化特征。测量了发动机模型在不同燃烧室长度下的一维推力,分析了推力和燃料比冲的变化趋势。实验结果表明:出口背压为大气压时,空气流量为762.9g/s,氧气流量为182.4g/s,汽油流量为84.3g/s,当量比为0.82,燃烧室长度L=235mm工况下爆轰波为稳态双波对撞模态,平均压力峰值和传播速度分别为0.9MPa和1068m/s,爆轰波传播频率为2.223kHz。当L235mm时爆轰波为非稳态双波对撞模态,平均压力峰值变化较小,传播速度随着燃烧室长度变短而降低。仅在L=135mm工况下,爆轰波传播速度略高于L=155mm工况点,推力和燃料比冲分别为579.5N和701.5s。当155mm≤L235mm时推力和燃料比冲随燃烧室长度增加而缓慢增大,L=235mm时推力和燃料比冲分别为607.3N和735.1s,L235mm时推力和燃料比冲变化趋于平缓。     

基于飞行品质要求的最小重量适航验证技术研究

民用飞机需要在各种包线中运行,比如高度速度包线、温度包线、重量重心包线、过载包线等,目的是保证飞机合理、经济地安全运营。主要对重量包线中的最小重量进行分析研究,从对飞行品质的影响方面来研究最小重量的适航符合性。给出了最小重量分析取证的流程和思路,以及最小重量的适航验证方案。     

硅光电倍增探测器温度特性分析与实验

SiPM(Silicon Photo-multiplier,硅光电倍增探测器)是近年来逐渐兴起的一种用于光探测领域的光电探测器件。与传统的PMT(Photo-multiplier tube,光电倍增管)相比,它有着尺寸小、工作电压低、几乎不受磁场影响等优点,但其缺点是对环境温度变化较敏感。为了掌握SiPM性能指标随环境温度的变化规律,搭建了SiPM温度特性实验系统,通过改变环境温度来实时测量记录SiPM的雪崩临界电压和增益,从而定量得出SiPM的温度特性,并通过理论计算对实验数据进行分析。结果表明,当环境温度降低时,SiPM的雪崩临界电压随之线性下降,增益随之线性增大。     

当量比对液体燃料旋转爆轰发动机爆轰影响实验研究

为了研究液态燃料连续旋转爆轰波起爆机理和不同工况下的旋转爆轰波特性,采用了环形阵列式精细雾化装置,进行了汽油/富氧空气组合的连续旋转爆轰试验。试验成功起爆并实现了旋转爆轰波的自持传播,爆轰波传播频率为2.1~2.4k Hz,传播速度为1022.2~1171.8m/s。该发动机上旋转爆轰波始终为同向传播模态,存在单波头、双头波和多波头同时存在的混合传播模态,旋转爆轰波传播速度存在亏损。试验工况范围内,旋转爆轰波的传播速度随总推进剂的质量流量增大而增加;在一定工况范围内,同一当量比工况下,旋转爆轰波压力值随总推进剂的质量流量增大而增加;旋转爆轰波压力极大值出现在当量比1.1附近。     

基于最小区域法的形位公差精确算法

最小区域法是真正符合国际形位公差定义的评价方法。针对现有的最小区域法的实现算法存在思路复杂、对初始计算条件要求较高等问题,提出1种逐次逼近算法。详细阐述了依据此算法求解4种常见形位公差的初始计算条件设置和求解步骤,绘制了以圆度计算为例的算法流程图。结果表明:该算法初始计算条件和思路简单,易于编程,对测点坐标分布及运行环境无特殊要求;可以准确有效地实现圆度等形位公差的评定。     

某结构空心风扇叶片设计与分析

针对宽弦空心风扇叶片技术在大涵道比航空发动机设计中的应用研究,以某型宽弦风扇叶片为对象,探索了无芯结构空心风扇叶片结构设计和快速强度分析方法.定义了无芯结构空心叶片的几何特征参数,提出了1种基于NX Nastran快速强度分析方法,重点分析了加强筋数量、宽度对空心叶片强度和刚度的影响,并分析了制造偏差对结构设计的影响.结果表明:无芯结构宽弦空心风扇叶片设计方法可以实现无芯结构空心叶片结构设计和快速强度分析.     

A novel multi-fidelity coupled simulation method for flow systems

For the numerical simulation of flow systems with various complex components, the traditional one-dimensional (1D) network method has its comparative advantage in time consuming and the CFD method has its absolute advantage in the detailed flow capturing. The proper coupling of the advantages of different dimensional methods can strike balance well between time cost and accuracy and then significantly decrease the whole design cycle for the flow systems in modern machines. A novel multi-fidelity coupled simulation method with numerical zooming is developed for flow systems. This method focuses on the integration of one-, two-and three-dimensional codes for various components. Coupled iterative process for the different dimensional simulation cycles of sub-systems is performed until the concerned flow variables of the whole system achieve convergence. Numerical zooming is employed to update boundary data of components with different dimen-sionalities. Based on this method, a highly automatic, multi-discipline computing environment with integrated zooming is developed. The numerical results of Y-Junction and the air system of a jet engine are presented to verify the solution method. They indicate that this type of multi-fidelity simulationmethod can greatly improve the prediction capability for the flow systems.     

Conjugate heat transfer investigations of turbine vane based on transition models

The accurate simulation of boundary layer transition process plays a very important role in the prediction of turbine blade temperature field. Based on the Abu-Ghannam and Shaw (AGS) and c-Re h transition models, a 3D conjugate heat transfer solver is developed, where the fluid domain is discretized by multi-block structured grids, and the solid domain is discretized by unstructured grids. At the unmatched fluid/solid interface, the shape function interpolation method is adopted to ensure the conservation of the interfacial heat flux. Then the shear stress transport (SST) model, SST & AGS model and SST & c-Re h model are used to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Mark II turbine vane. The results indicate that compared with the full turbulence model (SST model), the transition models could improve the prediction accuracy of temperature and heat transfer coefficient at the laminar zone near the blade leading edge. Compared with the AGS transition model, the c-Re h model could predict the transition onset location induced by shock/boundary layer interaction more accurately, and the prediction accuracy of temperature field could be greatly improved.