基于ASM实现视频中物体的定位

对目标进行有效跟踪是目前许多国家获取信息的重要手段,主动形状模型(ASM)主要应用于灰度图像中物体的跟踪与定位,本文针对Koschan等提出的结合金字塔模型的ASM方法作进一步改进,使之应用于视频(本文视频采用MPEG数字视频压缩编码标准)中物体的定位:首先将视频解码还原成图像序列,从人眼视觉特征出发,将RGB颜色模型转换为HSV颜色模型,用色调信息取代灰度信息进行物体定位;并研究图像序列帧之间物体的重合度对提高定位效率的作用.实验结果说明在ASM中使用色调信息能有效地实现视频中的物体定位.     

混合解析/数值方法及其在湍流数值模拟上的应用

针对带小时间尺度的源项的方程描述的流动问题,提出了混合解析/数值方法。混合解析/数值方法的基本思想是:分裂原始方程组为对流-扩散部分的偏微分方程和源项的常微分方程。偏微分方程采用合适的数值方法求解,而常微分方程采用解析方式积分。模型方程的理论误差研究表明,混合方法提高了源项处理的精度,降低了混合方法的整体数值误差。分析同时表明,基于时间分裂的算法在求解含源项双曲系统的定常类型问题,会存在数值振荡。为此发展了非分裂方式的混合解析/数值方法,在湍流模型数值计算中提高了数值稳定性,而且加快了计算的收敛速度。     

Deformation Behavior of Mg-8 wt%Li Alloy under High-speed Impact

Deformation behavior of the Mg-8 wt%Li alloy at high strain rate was studied by means of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (with strain rate of 103 s-1). It is found that shear localization proves to be the main damage mode for the alloy during dynamic loading. Strain and strain rate are the two necessary parameters affecting the occurrence of deformation and shear bands. Deformation bands begin to form when the strain and strain rate reach 0.20 and 1 900 s-1 respectively and will develop gradually with the strain rate increasing. Be-sides, deformation bands will transform into shear bands when the strain and strain rate reach above 0.25 and 3 500 s-1 separately.     

多重网格技术在复杂粘性流场计算中的应用及研究

流体力学控制方程的数值求解过程中,当网格加密、粘性效应强或来流马赫数低的时候,流场收敛非常缓慢。本文在多块网格、LUSGS隐式格式基础上采用多重网格技术,计算了NLR7301case#1两段翼型的低速绕流及DLRF4跨声速流场,在复杂二维、三维粘性流场求解中获得了满意的加速收敛效果。文中还比较了V循环、W循环的加速效率,为多重网格的工程应用奠下基础。     

机匣包容性破坏势能法的试验验证

为了验证航空发动机机匣包容性破坏势能法，本文完成了20次模型机匣包容性冲击试验，得到了模型叶片撞击模型机匣时的速度、应变响应和模型叶片撞击模型机匣过程的高速摄影照片。试验结果表明，该模型机匣的非包容失效模式主要是剪切破坏。本文还采用数值分析方法对机匣包容性进行了模拟，计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

旋转对内冷通道气膜孔流量系数的影响

为了获得涡轮叶片旋转时对气膜孔流量系数的影响,采用非结构化网格及标准k-ε紊流模型,求解三维N-S方程,对带90°肋和气膜孔出流的旋转矩形通道内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,气动参数变化范围是:通道入口雷诺数Re=60000,150000,罗斯贝数Ro=0,0.11,0.22,气膜孔总出流比为0.22和0.09。Ro≠0时,旋转效应对气膜孔流量系数有明显影响,通道顺时针旋转时,科氏力由上壁面指向带气膜孔的下壁面,引起流量系数增加;通道逆时针旋转时,情况相反。计算结果还表明,在通道内同一径向位置处的两个气膜孔的流量系数是不同的,通道顺时针旋转时,进入左侧孔的流体和气膜孔轴线的夹角小于进入右侧孔的流体和气膜孔轴线的夹角,导致左侧孔的流量系数大于右侧孔的流量系数;通道逆时针旋转时,情况相反。Ro=0时的计算结果与实验数据符合很好。     

大扭曲叶片整体涡轮电解加工工艺研究

研究用展成电解工艺进行大扭曲度整体涡轮叶片的机械加工，对涡轮叶片型面进行数据处理，用软件方式实现电解加工的多轴联动进给；分析叶片电解过程成形规律，合理设计阴极、流场，解决大扭曲叶片加工的叶背二次腐蚀、出口短路等关键工艺问题，试验可稳定达到工序精度要求，并可批量生产。     

镍基单晶高温合金的发展

概述了镍基单晶高温合金的发展历程,分析了其成分、相组成、热处理的特征和持久变形及强化机制,给出了其持久性能数据,并指出了发展趋势。     

Strapdown inertial navigation system algorithms based on dual quaternions

The design of strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) algorithms based on dual quaternions is addressed. Dual quaternion is a most concise and efficient mathematical tool to represent rotation and translation simultaneously, i.e., the general displacement of a rigid body. The principle of strapdown inertial navigation is represented using the tool of dual quaternion. It is shown that the principle can be expressed by three continuous kinematic equations in dual quaternion. These equations take the same form as the attitude quaternion rate equation. Subsequently, one new numerical integration algorithm is structured to solve the three kinematic equations, utilizing the traditional two-speed approach originally developed in attitude integration. The duality between the coning and sculling corrections, raised in the recent literature, can be essentially explained by splitting the new algorithm into the corresponding rotational and translational parts. The superiority of the new algorithm over conventional ones in accuracy is analytically derived. A variety of simulations are carried out to support the analytic results. The numerical results agree well with the analyses. The new algorithm turns out to be a better choice than any conventional algorithm for high-precision navigation systems and high-maneuver applications. Several guidelines in choosing a suitable navigation algorithm are also provided.     

聚酰亚胺泡沫材料在航空航天飞行器中应用进展

总结了新型聚酰亚胺泡沫材料在航空航天飞行器中如低温贮箱隔热体系、蜂窝结构材料、透波材料、机身隔热体系、飞行器座椅等方面的应用进展，指出今后聚酰亚胺泡沫材料研究和应用的方向和趋势。