A comprehensive numerical model investigating the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon

The increase of balloon applications makes it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the thermal and dynamic performance of scientific balloons. This paper proposed a novel numerical model to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of scientific balloon in both ascending and floating conditions. The novel model consists of a dynamic model and thermal model, the dynamic model was solved numerically by a computer program developed with Matlab/Simulink to calculate the velocity and trajectory, the thermal model was solved by the Fluent program to find out the balloon film temperature distribution and inner Helium gas velocity and temperature field. These models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. Then the thermal and dynamic behavior of a scientific balloon in a real environment were simulated and discussed in details.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

气动负载模拟器的多余力矩分析

为了分析气动负载模拟器中多余力的形成及影响因素,介绍了气动负载模拟器的工作原理、结构框图及实验平台,推导了气动负载模拟器的数学模型,并通过实验和仿真对比模型进行了验证。采用线性化方法定性分析了影响气动负载模拟器多余力的3个因素——被动压差、惯性力矩以及摩擦力矩。采用非线性仿真定量分析了该3个因素分别对气动负载模拟器的多余力矩的影响。得出了在气动伺服加载系统中,摩擦力矩是引起系统多余力矩的重要因素。     

铰链展开式构型航天器设计及其动力学仿真

基于航天器结构的模块化设计概念,设计了一种空间可展开航天器模块化结构构型,即铰链展开式构型。利用虚拟样机技术,建立了模块化本体和太阳翼虚拟样机模型。在空间失重环境下,分析了模块化本体和太阳翼在3种展开顺序下（本体各模块和太阳翼同时展开、太阳翼先展开本体各模块后展开和本体各模块先展开太阳翼后展开）对航天器姿态的影响,同时对比了不同扭簧参数对姿态角和展开时间的影响。仿真结果表明该模型可为未来高机动、多型态、多用途自适应变构型航天器的设计以及空间姿态控制提供技术支持和借鉴。     

热防护材料高温异型传感器校准技术研究

高温异型传感器广泛应用在热防护材料研究领域,因其测温部分比通用温度传感器尺寸短,现有的校准装置无法满足该类传感器的校准需求。针对高温异型传感器无法校准的问题,提出了一种应用专用高温恒温炉、基于比较法的校准方法,研制了高温异型传感器校准装置,实现了该类温度传感器的量值溯源,并进行了不确定度分析。     

基于幅频响应特性的半球谐振子频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角测定方法

半球谐振子频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角是影响陀螺性能指标的核心因素。提出了一种基于幅频响应特性的半球谐振子频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角测定方法,采用压电激振台扫频激振,多普勒激光测振仪检测谐振子的幅频响应特性,通过幅频响应特性曲线分析实现频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角的测定。对该方法进行了理论分析,搭建了实验装置,并对半球谐振子进行了测试,结果表明：该方法频率裂解测量精度优于0.01Hz,固有频率主轴方位角确定精度优于±1.17°,具有良好的可行性,在半球谐振陀螺研制方面具有良好的参考意义。     

Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

混合电路仿真的新方法

实际的数字系统均由数字电路和模拟电路组成，分析数字电路的方法与分析模拟电路的方法是完全不同的。本文将给出一种仿真混合电路的新方法及相应的模拟器。ＭＣ－ＳＩＭ的主要原理如下：首先把被模拟电路划分成许多模拟模块和数字模块，模拟（数字）模块只有模拟（数字）输出；任一模拟输入均视一系列发生在离散的时间点上的事件；模拟模块在达到之前与数字模块一样参加排队；不论是数字模块还是模拟模块都在统一的时间轮下进行计算     

“田口式质量损失函数”的应用

利用质量损失函数，讨论产品质量波动给社会带来的损失，并将其应用于企业生产中，使企业改进了产品质量，提高了效益。这说明，在质量管理中，解决“质量”问题时，必须把改进质量的焦点移向产品的设计和开发阶段，即从以往的“产品出厂后的检查或加工过程中的控制”的质量观，推向“产品设计阶段的优化”，从“下游管理”转向“上游管理”，使产品设计或加工过程设计成为保证产品质量优化的关键。     

直升机旋翼失衡特性分析

旋翼桨叶相互不平衡，是引起直升机附加振动的主要原因之一，减小桨叶间不平衡（本文称失衡）引起的直升机附加振动，工程上依据旋翼失衡诊断的方法，旋翼失衡诊断技术是正在研究的课题之一。本文针对旋翼失衡诊断技术中的旋翼失衡特性分析，应用叶素理论，导出直升机旋翼失衡情况下，桨叶的运动特性和引起的附加激振力特性的数学分析模型。为验证数学分析模型，对某旋翼试算了失衡下桨叶运动特性和附加激振力特性。结果表明，数字分析模型是合理的．本文为旋翼失衡特性分析提供了一种理论分析、计算方法。