Effects on winter circulation of short and long term solar wind changes

Indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation show correlations on the day-to-day timescale with the solar wind speed (SWS). Minima in the indices were found on days of SWS minima during years of high stratospheric aerosol loading. The spatial distribution of surface pressure changes during 1963–2011 with day-to-day changes in SWS shows a pattern resembling the NAO. Such a pattern was noted for year-to-year variations by Boberg and Lundstedt (2002), who compared NAO variations with the geo-effective solar wind electric field (the monthly average SWS multiplied by the average southward component, i.e., negative Bz component, of the interplanetary magnetic field). The spatial distribution of the correlations of geopotential height changes in the troposphere and stratosphere with the SWS; the geo-effective electric field (SWS∗Bz); and the solar 10.7 cm flux suggests that solar wind inputs connected to the troposphere via the global electric circuit, together with solar ultraviolet irradiance acting on the stratosphere, affect regional atmospheric dynamics.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

基于Bayes统计模型的卫星融合定轨方法研究

根据目前天基导航系统现状,结合中国对低、中轨卫星精密定轨的要求,给出了天地基信息融合定轨的原理;结合卫星待估融合参数的先验信息,提出了基于Bayes统计模型的卫星精密定轨方法;在卫星观测的线性化融合模型中引入观测噪声,利用概率估计融合模型,根据Bayes理论进行卫星状态改进量的最大后验估计,并分析了Bayes估计方法的定轨精度;依据期望融合的待估改进量方差最小规则建立了相应的参数求解算法;最后以导航融合测控系统中测距和测速数据的融合定轨为例进行了仿真实验,表明该融合方法能够得到很好的定轨效果。     

结构外形优化的一种有效方法

本文基于约束函数及目标函数对节点坐标与元件截面两类变量不同的非线性性质,将目标函数对元件截面变量及节点坐标变量在正变量空间内进行不完全的二阶台劳展开,而约束函数则对元件截面变量之逆变量、节点坐标变量之正变量进行线性台劳展开,从而得到一对于原问题近似精度较高的严格凸的近似问题,用对偶规划求解这一变量可分离的显式的凸问题是简便的。对算例的计算表明该方法是相当有效的。     

高负荷跨音涡轮导向器环形叶栅试验研究

对一个高负荷跨音速涡轮导向器进行了环形叶栅吹风试验 ,对其根、中截面进行了平面叶栅吹风试验。本文对试验的损失特性、出气角特性、速度特性、叶型表面速度分布特性等作了对比分析。认为导向器环形叶栅试验结果与平面叶栅试验结果有可比性 ,其叶中截面相当一致 ,根、尖截面则由于导向器流动的复杂性而与平面叶栅试验结果有较大差异     

内外函混合加力燃烧室扩压器内液雾湍流两相流场和浓度场数值模拟

 本文用κ-ε湍流模型和液雾轨道模型,对二维内外函混合加力燃烧室扩压器内有蒸发的液雾两相流动和混合进行了数值预报。其中对气相速度场和温度场的计算结果与实验符合令人满意,液雾两相流的计算结果在趋势上也是合理的,表明本文的模拟方法可用于加力燃烧室性能估算及优化设计。     

热力学中最小熵增原理在流体力学中的应用

本文运用非平衡态热力学中最小熵增原理,分析了层流和湍流流动在接近热力学平衡定态时的特性。特别是在湍流流动中,舍弃了以往一些经验性的假设,指出流动处于局部机械平衡时可由最小熵增原理导出速度和温度分布。反之亦揭示了充分发展的湍流遵循最小熵增原理的这一机理。     

叶片失速颤振发作机理的探讨

 本文对于现有的叶片失速颤振计算模型进行了一些改进,以期使其更接近于真实物理图画。计算结果表明,就槽道激波以及物面气流分离对于叶片气动弹性稳定性所起的作用来看,在单自由度纯弯振荡和双自由度弯曲主导振荡两种情况之下是具有实质性差别的。在文中对于一个实际转子的失速颤振边界进行了数值预测,并与相应的实验结果进行了对比。     

低速风洞横向开槽壁试验段性能的研究

为探索减小洞壁干扰的试验方法，用环境风洞做了二维横向开槽壁试验段性能的试验研究。槽壁由等宽度薄板条在相对模型的两侧壁以零攻角等间距排放而构成，通过测量圆柱模型周向的表面压力对槽板宽度、驻室深度、试验段长度，模型在试验段中的轴向位置等与槽壁试验段性能有关的参量做了试验研究。模型堵塞比一直到０．２５的试验结果与无干扰的参考曲线符合良好，结果表明低速横向开槽壁具有洞壁干扰小且结构简单的特点。