生态视阈下的商务翻译人才培养策略研究

本文以生态翻译学为切入点,在介绍生态翻译学这一全新理念的同时,根据翻译适应选择论和翻译生态环境规律,探讨当今国际商务环境下翻译活动的适应与选择,详细考察商务翻译的生态环境,论述商务翻译生态环境中各生态因子的职能作用以及它们之间的相互关系,将其用于指导翻译人才培养方案、课程设置、教材选用、保障机制等方面,以便顺应经济发展转型的需要,培养满足现代服务业需求的高端商务翻译人才。     

群模糊层次分析法的改进及应用

为了解决层次分析法（AHP,Analytic Hierarchy Process）中基于专家主观评价来构造的两两判断矩阵的一致性问题,提出了一种改进的群模糊层次分析法（IGFAHP,Improved Group Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process）.IGFAHP引入了专家的权重系数和三角模糊数,将AHP扩展到群决策和模糊决策领域,设计了一种基于直接模糊判断矩阵的权重计算方法,通过各指标间可能度矩阵转化为实数值求解权重来改进一致性.定义了在模糊集上的一致性函数,并与AHP分别在3~9层指标上进行了对比测试.通过飞行器总体方案风险评价的实例对IGFAHP进行了应用验证.结果表明,IGFAHP相比AHP降低了使用复杂度并提高了一 致性.      

舵叶固定式液压球形关节运动学及性能分析

针对球面运动机构驱动方式问题,提出了一种新型的二自由度液压驱动球面运动关节机构,该机构利用超全周转动马达及舵叶摆动马达作为驱动,采用了滑轨支撑框架位置测量系统,可以实现超全周转动;给出了两驱动马达各自的油路设计方案,在机构的不同部位采取了合理的密封方法;由机构的工作原理推导了正逆运动学方程及速度雅可比矩阵,得出了机构的奇异位形;分析了机构的灵巧度性能指标,通过仿真得到了机构性能较优时的工作空间.该球形关节机构具有结构紧凑、运动精度高、负载大、并且能够实现全方位输出的特点.     

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on Influence of Revolution Radius in Orbital Drilling

Revolution radius is one of the significant parameters in orbital drilling,which has great influence on many factors,such as the cutting area of front and side cutting edge,undeformed chip geometry,delamination and burr at hole exit side,hole surface roughness,cutting tool force and deflection,chip removal and heat transmission.First,the influence of revolution radius on the factors is discussed theoretically in detail.Analysis results show that big revolution radius can reduce axial cutting force,restrain exit delamination and burr,and improve chip removal and heat transmission.Then,single factor test and orthogonal test are utilized in the two processing methods as machining unidiameter holes with several cutting tools and machining different diameter holes with one tool.Finally,the influence of revolution radius on cutting force and hole machining precision is studied.These results provide a profound foundation for future optimization of cutting control parameters.     

Effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

The effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures has been studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations with the open-source program AMROC that uses a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method. Results indicate that the hot jet could ignite the detonation effectively in supersonic combustible mixtures like a pneumatic ramp. After the realization of the detonation initiation, the hot jet can still play an important role on the detonation propagation during its continuous ejection. For a hot jet with certain diameter, it can result in an overdriven detonation with almost constant overdrive degree. After the shutdown of the hot jet, the stable CJ detonation combustion was realized finally in the supersonic combustible mixtures. With the re-ejection of the hot jet, the failed detonation could be reinitiated quickly. Through the control of the re-ejection of the hot jet, it plays a key role not only in the initiation process, but also in the subsequent continuous detonation combustion period.     

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

基于图论的潜通路分块分析方法

潜通路分析是一种重要的电路可靠性分析方法.随着电路系统规模的扩大,整体进行潜通路分析不仅使分析时间增加,而且分析过程会占据很大的存储空间.对大型复杂电路网络进行潜通路分析时,运用基于Laplace矩阵的谱平分算法对电路系统分块处理,将其划分成规模较小的若干子网络模块.根据子网络模块内部元件的组合状态,用深度优先搜索判断通路,将每个子网络模块等效成一个多端的特殊器件.对各个子网络模块分别进行潜通路分析,对等效后简化的电路系统整体分析,以达到对整个电路系统潜通路分析的目的.潜通路分块分析的方法简化了电路网络分析模型,有利于潜通路分析自动化智能化水平的提高.      

转动惯量存在不确定性的挠性航天器动态自适应滑模姿态控制

针对存在转动惯量不确定性和外部干扰的挠性航天器,首先构造了一个部分状态观测器估计挠性模态,然后设计自适应律对转动惯量不确定性和外部干扰组成的函数的上界进行估计。最后,在设计的观测器和自适应律的基础上,建立了挠性航天器的基于部分状态观测器的自适应滑模姿态稳定控制律。采用Lyapunov方法证明了在挠性航天器存在转动惯量不确定性和外部干扰时, 所设计的自适应滑模姿态控制律能使闭环航天器姿态系统稳定。最后, 通过数值仿真例子验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

灵敏小卫星能量/姿态一体化控制研究

研究应用变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs, Variable Speed Control Moment Gyros)作为主执行机构,完成灵敏小卫星多目标快速姿态机动时的能量/姿态一体化控制问题.在考虑执行机构饱和、机动任务要求和敏感器测量与跟踪能力受限等情况下,设计了非线性的姿态/能量一体化控制器,对由于频繁的姿态机动引起的姿态四元数的漂移进行了整定.设计了VSCMGs的操纵律.按是否接近框架构型奇异,合理分配了操纵任务,并设计了相应的操纵方法.对采用金字塔构型的VSCMGs进行了较为严格的仿真,结果表明卫星在机动中达到了快速和稳定的要求,同时能够满足能量控制要求和VSCMGs转子转速的平衡.     

基于虚拟域预测控制的轨迹跟踪方法

针对在线轨迹实时规划算法,提出了一种基于虚拟域预测控制的轨迹跟踪方法。该方法采用多项式近似系统模型,引入虚拟路径及反动力解算方法,将时域转化为虚拟域,较在时域上近似模型的控制方法解耦效果好,实时性强。通过反动力学解算、非线性规划的输入设置可直接得到连续的控制量,相对于传统非线性预测控制的软约束的方法,从根本上保证了控制量的连续性。以拦截弹道导弹为背景,在初始状态量添加小扰动及末端条件改变的条件下,进行仿真验证。结果表明:与非线性反馈跟踪方法相比,曲线平滑,在遭遇点脱靶量、末端路径倾角及偏角误差较小,实时性同样可满足控制需求。