大型载人空间基础设施商业化运营模式初探

为提高以空间站为代表的大型载人空间基础设施运行效率和运营效益,本文在研究国际空间站(ISS)在轨运营模式及商业化做法的基础上,针对我国现有空间基础设施的在轨运营特点、国家战略和社会商业化需求,提出了引入社会资本建立商业化运营模式和建立商业成果转化基金等建议,成立专门的商业化运营管理机构,进行统筹管理和商业化运营,探索形成一套职责清晰、高质高效、效益突出的商业化运营管理体系,既保证空间基础设施在轨健康运行,高效开展各类空间应用,又降低建设和运营成本。在孕育商业模式和创新项目促进经济社会发展的同时,也具有重要的现实意义和深远的社会效益。     

周期平均控制下固定翼双旋弹角运动特性分析

针对应用在固定翼双旋弹上的一种周期平均控制方法,通过对弹体修正组件滚转角进行傅里叶变换,得到了双旋弹在周期平均控制下角运动方程的模型,进而分析了周期平均控制下固定翼双旋弹的角运动响应,并根据双旋弹角运动特性和执行机构的性能限制给出了周期平均控制角频率的设计方法。引进2种具体的周期平均控制方案作为分析对象,并通过六自由度弹道仿真进行了验证。结果表明,对固定翼双旋弹角运动响应的分析能够反映周期平均控制的特性,周期平均控制角频率的设计方法可以设计出合理的角频率。     

航空铆钉连接件的抗冲击性能

以分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置为基础,设计了特殊的铆接试验件,对MS20615铆钉的铆接结构开展了动态加载下不同加载角度、不同加载速率的力学性能试验。结合其准静态试验结果,获得了铆接结构在纯剪切、30°拉剪耦合、45°拉剪耦合、60°拉剪耦合和纯拉伸试验下的力学性能参数。试验结果表明,加载角度、加载速率对铆接结构的失效载荷与失效模式有显著的影响。在试验结果的基础上,使用有限元软件LS-Dyna建立了铆接结构的简化模型,对比了试验和数值模拟得到的铆接结构载荷-位移曲线,并对简化数值模型进行了网格相关性分析,验证了简化的铆钉单元模型的可行性。     

基于HyperFLOW平台的客机标模CHN-T1气动性能预测及可信度研究

近年来,针对实际飞行器外形的CFD气动性能预测及可信度研究逐步得到重视,国内也召开了第一届航空CFD可信度研讨会(AeCW-1)。本文首先基于自主研发的CFD软件平台HyperFLOW对NACA0012翼型低速绕流进行了网格收敛性研究,验证了软件对简单湍流问题的模拟能力且具备良好的网格收敛性。其次,针对AeCW-1提供的客机标模CHN-T1,选用其中的两个算例:(1)定升力系数的网格收敛性研究;(2)考虑模型支撑和模型静气动弹性变形的抖振特性研究,研究了计算结果的网格收敛性及模型支撑、静气动弹性变形和湍流模型等对气动特性预测精度的影响。结果表明:观测精度阶和网格收敛性指数显示数值结果具有良好的网格收敛性和可信度;是否考虑模型支撑对力矩的预测精度影响较大,引入尾撑和弹性变形后,数值结果与实验结果吻合较好;对于CHN-T1标模,采用QCR关系式对原始SA模型进行修正对标模力矩特性有一定影响。     

异步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断研究

将负序电流作为异步电机定子绕组匝间短路的故障特征量,在提取时易受谐波、噪声等因素的影响,而频谱分析也较为复杂,故障诊断的可靠性和高效性难以兼顾。为可靠高效地诊断异步电机定子绕组匝间短路,在多次派克变换的基础上,提出故障特征量Izpg以反映故障。首先根据故障后的电机磁场推导出故障后定子中存在的电流频次;然后得到非理想工况下,利用多次派克变换提取故障特征量Izpg的表达式;最后建立故障后异步电机的多回路数学模型,对理想工况和非理想工况下定子不同严重程度的匝间短路进行仿真。分析结果表明,Izpg和故障严重程度正相关且对电压源不平衡这类非理想工况呈现鲁棒性,用Izpg诊断异步电机定子匝间短路具有高灵敏性与高可靠性。     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

运载火箭贮箱增压控制技术发展综述

随着运载火箭低成本、高可靠性的发展趋势,对贮箱增压的控制技术提出了更高的要求。在研究国内外火箭的增压控制技术现状的基础上,总结提炼出增压控制技术的发展趋势,为后续新型火箭的研制提供参考。     

简化起落架噪声相似准则及马赫数比例律

真实飞机部件的气动噪声问题可以通过缩比模型气动声学试验研究,但是必须要遵循合适的相似准则。频率相似准则一般选择Helmholtz数或Strouhal数相似,而声源强度的相似准则在一定的雷诺数范围内通常采用Mach数相似。噪声随来流马赫数的比例律可用于外推风洞试验测量数据到真实飞行条件下,并判断声源类型。在北京航空航天大学D5气动声学风洞中对1/2缩比的LAnding Gear nOise database for civil aviation authority validatiON(LAGOON)简化起落架模型进行了气动声学试验研究。试验结果表明:该起落架模型的噪声频率遵循Helmholtz数相似准则而非Strouhal数相似准则。起落架噪声的马赫数比例律与频率有关,在低频范围内满足6次方关系,而在中高频范围内满足7次方关系。将D5风洞测得的噪声频谱按Helmholtz数相似及相应的马赫数比例律转换后与LAGOON原型试验结果对比,发现两者的测量结果吻合得非常好。     

隐身飞机战术干扰效能评估

从雷达距离公式和干扰方程出发,结合隐身飞机不同姿态角对应的RCS值,建立了隐身飞机战术干扰条件下的雷达探测距离模型.在考虑烧穿距离这一限制因素后,依据不同干扰模式设定了相应的干扰距离,仿真研究了雷达探测距离在不同干扰模式下的变化,并评估了隐身飞机的战术干扰性能.仿真结果表明,隐身飞机战术干扰方式灵活、干扰压制效能高,在一定程度上缩减了雷达探测距离.