充气型紫外光敏管降噪研究

充气型紫外光敏管噪声过大是紫外火警探测系统最难克服的问题。本文从器件制造和使用的角度分析了影响紫外光敏管噪声的重要因素,探讨了降噪措施:制造工艺方面,采用高纯度金属镍基阴极材料和保持阴极表面质量良好,充分老化器件,选择高纯度氢气为主充气体并控制充入氦气比例不高于15%;使用方面,降低器件工作电流和工作电压可进一步减小器件噪声。最后采用锁相放大进行噪声测试,在120ms内,测得紫外光敏管噪声电压均值为0.0065V,测试不确定度为7.4%;在无外界紫外照射下,经脉冲计数,测得单位时间内紫外光敏管累积输出噪声脉冲为10cpm,显著降低器件噪声。     

圆形湍流射流中的Taylor假设

在一湍流射流自模区的中心线上，沿流向的温度空间相关和差分量的统计关系由两种方法获得。一是用两根平行并在流向分离的冷丝直接测量；另一方法是通过计算关于时间的相关和分（根据来自下游位置的冷线信号），以及Ｔａｙｌｏｒ假设法获得关于空间的以应量。本文对有关的时，空量，如相关系数，均方根值，偏斜和平坦因子以及谱密度函数，作了对比和讨论。可以认为，Ｔａｙｌｏｒ假庙所测量的流动中是相当合理有和有用的。     

~4He量子干涉仪陀螺的数学模型(英文)

建立了4He量子干涉仪陀螺的数学模型,包括驱动方程,流量方程和位置方程。该数学模型可以完整地描述4He量子干涉仪陀螺系统。由驱动方程可知,采用热驱动的陀螺能够长期工作,但采用压力驱动的陀螺只能短时间工作。由流量方程可知,流过弱连接的超流体流量中,不仅含有表示旋转通量的交流流量,还含有由驱动引起的其他流量。位置方程表达了薄膜的位移,该位移是陀螺系统中唯一能被检测的物理量。基于实验参数的仿真验证了数学模型的有效性。根据本文建立的数学模型,可以进一步研究4He量子干涉仪陀螺的性能和分析该陀螺的误差。     

微小卫星数据存储器单粒子作用的检测及纠错

因为辐射导致的单粒子翻转效应（SEU）,使得微小卫星星上存储器在太空运行时其内容可能出现小概率错误,这种错误会影响计算机系统的运行和关键数据。文章阐述了“清华一号”微小卫星数据处理系统对SEU的纠错方法,分别介绍了实现（12,8）和（39,32）的汉明码纠错设计和基于FPGA的三模块冗余纠错编码方法,并分析了这些方法的工作原理和过程。     

第64届国际宇航大会9月将在北京召开

第64届国际宇航大会（IAC）将于2013年9月23日~27日在北京召开。大会由国际宇航联合会（IAF）、国际宇航科学院（IAA）、国际空间法学会（IISL）联合主办,由中国宇航学会举办。本届大会的主题是：推动航天发展,造福人类社会（Promoting Space Development,for the Benefits of Mankind）。     

Graph-tree-based software control flow checking for COTS processors on pico-satellites

 This paper proposes a generic high-performance and low-time-overhead software control flow checking solution, graph-tree-based control flow checking (GTCFC) for space-borne commercial- off-the-shelf (COTS) processors. A graph tree data structure with a topology similar to common trees is introduced to transform the control flow graphs of target programs. This together with design of IDs and signatures of its vertices and edges allows for an easy check of legality of actual branching during target program execution. As a result, the algorithm not only is capable of detecting all single and multiple branching errors with low latency and time overheads along with a linear-complexity space overhead, but also remains generic among arbitrary instruction sets and independent of any specific hardware. Tests of the algorithm using a COTS-processor-based onboard computer (OBC) of in-service ZDPS-1A pico-satellite products show that GTCFC can detect over 90% of the randomly injected and all-pattern-covering branching errors for different types of target programs, with performance and overheads consistent with the theoretical analysis; and beats well-established preeminent control flow checking algorithms in these dimensions. Furthermore, it is validated that GTCGC not only can be accommodated in pico-satellites conveniently with still sufficient system margins left, but also has the ability to minimize the risk of control flow errors being undetected in their space missions. Therefore, due to its effectiveness, efficiency, and compatibility, the GTCFC solution is ready for applications on COTS processors on pico-satellites in their real space missions.     

大型空间折展机构简化模型的热传导分析

基于热传导效应和等效的热学参数,对空间伸展臂结构及所处热环境进行了简化处理。将边界温度条件进行傅里叶级数展开,利用一维热传导模型,分别计算了在边界上施加各阶展开分量作用时,简化伸展臂结构的瞬态温度响应,进而利用叠加原理得到了结构总体的近似热响应。建立了伸展臂热学分析的有限元模型,计算了伸展臂在相应条件下的动态热响应,验证了本文分析结果的合理性,为伸展臂结构的分析设计尤其是概念设计阶段的热性能评估提供了一定的工程参考。      

临近空间大气环境落球探测中的科氏力影响

气象火箭落球探测技术是临近空间大气环境探测的重要方法。在落球探测数据处理过程中,通常忽略科氏力项的影响。本文利用经验预报模式构建落球探测正演仿真模型,并根据落球探测原理建立参数反演模型,在此基础上仿真模拟了落球探测数据处理过程中忽略科氏力项对大气参数反演精度的影响。在95~100 km高度范围内,忽略科氏力项将引起温度、密度、纬向风和经向风等大气参数较大反演误差,其误差特性随探测点纬度、各方向初始速度等呈现不同的变化规律,之后反演误差将随高度下降而逐渐下降。当高度下降至约70 km时科氏力项带来的影响基本可以忽略不计。研究结果表明在临近空间大气环境落球探测数据处理过程中不能忽略科氏力项的影响。本文结果对提高落球探测大气参数反演精度具有重要的参考价值。

     

Expression of estrogen receptor α in human breast cancer cells regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress under simulated microgravity

This study investigated intracellular oxidative stress and its underlying mechanisms in a rotary cell culture system used to achieve a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. Experiments were conducted with human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (an estrogen receptor (ER) α positive cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (an ERα negative cell line) encapsulated in alginate/collagen carriers. After 48 h, SMG led to oxidative stress and DNA damage in the MDA-MB-231 cells but a significant increase in mitochondrial activity and minimal DNA damage in the MCF-7 cells. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the MCF-7 cells and decreased in MDA-MB-231 cells in the SMG environment compared with a standard gravity control. Moreover, SMG promoted expression of ERα and protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon in MCF-7 cells treated with PKC inhibitor Gö6983. Overall, exposure to SMG increased mitochondrial activity in ERα positive cells but induced cellular oxidative damage in ERα negative cells. Thus, ERα may play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress damage under simulated microgravity.