太阳射电微波爆发的频谱分析

1981年4月1日太阳发生一个4N级Hα耀斑并伴随出现强烈的IV型射电爆发.本文对北京天文台,西澳大利亚站等射电资料进行分析.分析表明:(1)该事件的微波源状态相对稳定,米波源位置存在移动,因此产生微波辐射与米波辐射是两组不同的电子群体,在爆发频谱指数的时变曲线上表现出明显的形态差异.还由于两者辐射源的位置不同,微波与米波的爆发在峰值时刻上也不完全符合.(2)4月1日微波大爆发是由三个主爆发组成的,它们的峰值时刻分别为0135.1,0146.1,0153.6UT.由射电高频端谱指数算出的非热电子能谱指数表明,在射电爆发的三个峰值时刻电子能谱都变硬.本文还得出该活动区的非热电子平均速度(以光速c为单位)β为0.9左右,磁场强度B为430G.并由回旋同步辐射阻尼算得,非热电子的寿命为829秒,这个数值与三个主峰的持续时间相吻合.     

喷流噪声特性与控制研究

本文着重研究喷流噪声机理及工程计算方法。通过实验研究了声功率与喷流速度的关系,表明在Mα>0.4时Lighthill方程和Lilley方程均与实验数据吻合,可分别使用。而Mα<0.4时,均偏差较大,通过本文实验表明,若改为6次方关系较为恰当。文章同时对喷流噪声指向性、谱特性进行了分析。最后对一种引射消声器进行了发展性研究,获得在135dB噪声条件下,降噪17dB的效果。     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

再论和谐社会的构建——基于功能冲突论视阈

作为对二战后美国社会矛盾激化、社会动荡的回应,在对社会学家关于社会冲突的种种观点反思与发展的基础上,科塞建立了功能冲突论。科塞的功能冲突论由冲突正功能的发挥条件、冲突正功能的具体内容、社会安全阀制度等内容组成。功能冲突论启示我们,在我国构建和谐社会的过程中,要正视、分析社会矛盾、社会冲突,构建社会安全阀制度,消除社会冲突产生的社会土壤。     

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

Aircraft nonlinear stability analysis and multidimensional stability region estimation under icing conditions

Icing is one of the crucial factors that could pose great threat to flight safety,and thus research on stability and stability region of aircraft safety under icing conditions is significant for control and flight.Nonlinear dynamical equations and models of aerodynamic coefficients of an air craft are set up in this paper to study the stability and stability region of the aircraft under an icing condition.Firstly,the equilibrium points of the iced aircraft system are calculated and analyzed based on the theory of differential equation stability.Secondly,according to the correlation theory about equilibrium points and the stability region,this paper estimates the multidimensional stability region of the aircraft,based on which the stability regions before and after icing are compared.Finally,the results are confirmed by the time history analysis.The results can give a reference for stability analysis and envelope protection of the nonlinear system of an iced aircraft.     

MSG-3在民用航空器维修大纲制定中的应用

国内民用航空器的研发起步较晚,目前投入运行的国产航空器型号种类和数量都不多,航空器制造厂家在制定维修大纲方面的经验较少.本文对国际上通行的MSG-3维修任务分析方法进行研究,首先介绍MSG-3维修任务分析方法产生和发展的历史背景,以及其在国内民机型号中的应用;然后详细叙述MSG-3维修任务分析方法(包括航空器系统、动力装置维修任务的分析方法,结构检查和区域检查任务的分析方法,以及形成维修大纲的流程和维修任务的后期优化);最后通过对航空器型号的审查经验,总结我国民用航空器制造厂家在制定航空器维修大纲时存在的问题和改进方向.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法表面形貌对微通道对流换热的影响

为推动微通道冷却技术在航空发动机中的应用,进一步提高航空发动机性能,本文通过扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度扫描仪等多方式扫描得到实际加工物体表面形貌,结合分形理论进行处理,得到真实、光滑、分形插值、康托尔集四类圆形截面管模型,管径100μm~400μm;采用格子Boltzmann方法进行数值模拟,首先通过与文献中实验结果的对比,验证了此方法的正确性,然后对空气在这四类圆形截面微通道中的对流换热特性进行了数值模拟,计算雷诺数Re范围80~640;结果发现：表面形貌是微通道中对流换热不可忽略的因素,相对粗糙度越大越有利于换热,真实扫描管的换热性能要比相同条件下光滑管高2.22%;分形理论可用于微通道表面形貌的构建,在相同迭代次数下,分形插值模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差0.03%,而康托尔集模型与真实扫描形貌换热性能相差1.88%,分形插值模型较康托尔集模型更能真实地反映实际形貌;微通道中,随着雷诺数的增加Nu将不再是常数,而是有增加的趋势。