Accuracy analysis of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion algorithms

In recent years, with the continuous development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has been applied not only to navigation and positioning, but also to Earth surface environment monitoring. At present, when performing GNSS-IR (GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry) snow depth inversion, Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) spectrum analysis is mainly used to calculate the vertical height from the antenna phase center to the reflection surface. However, it has the problem of low identification of power spectrum analysis, which may lead to frequency leakage. Therefore, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum analysis and Nonlinear Least Square Fitting (NLSF) are introduced to calculate the vertical height in this paper. The GNSS-IR snow depth inversion experiment is carried out by using the observation data of P351 station in PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) network of the United States from 2013 to 2016. Three algorithms are used to invert the snow depth and compared with the actual snow depth provided by the station 490 in the SNOTEL network. The observations data of L1 and L2 bands are respectively used to find the optimal combination between different algorithms further to improve the accuracy of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. For L1 band, different snow depths correspond to different optimal algorithms. When the snow depth is less than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of NLSF algorithm is the highest. When the snow depth is greater than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is higher. Therefore, according to the different snow depth, a combined algorithm of NLSF + FFT is proposed for GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. Compared with the traditional LSP algorithm, the inversion accuracy of the combined algorithm is improved by 10%. For L2 band data, the results show that the accuracy of snow depth inversion of various algorithms do not change with the variations of snow depth. Among the three single algorithms, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is better than that of LSP and NLSF algorithms.     

Evolution analysis of a UAV real-time operating system from a network perspective

With the flourishing development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the mission tasks of UAVs have become more and more complex. Consequently, a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) that provides operating environments for various mission services on these UAVs has become crucial, which leads to the necessity of having a deep understanding of an RTOS. In this paper, an empirical study is conducted on FreeRTOS, a commonly used RTOS for UAVs, from a complex network perspective. A total of 85 releases of FreeRTOS, from V2.4.2 to V10.0.0, are modeled as directed networks, in which the nodes represent functions and the edges denote function calls. It is found that the size of the FreeRTOS network has grown almost linearly with the evolution of the versions, while its main core has evolved steadily. In addition, a k-core analysis-based metric is proposed to identify major functionality changes of FreeRTOS during its evolution. The result shows that the identified versions are consistent with the version change logs. Finally, it is found that the clustering coefficient of the Linux OS scheduler is larger than that of the FreeRTOS scheduler. In conclusion, the empirical results provide useful guidance for developers and users of UAV RTOSs.     

Effect of surface roughness on microwave brightness temperature from lunar surface: Numerical analysis with a hybrid method

A hybrid method, combining the radiative transfer theory and the method of moments (MoM), is proposed to study the potential effect of the lunar surface roughness on the microwave brightness temperature. The total upward emission reaching the lunar surface from below media is calculated by the radiative transfer theory, and then the brightness temperature is obtained by weighting the bidirectional transmission coefficients which is computed using the MoM. The method is validated by both flat and rough surface models with analytic solutions. With the hybrid method, brightness temperatures from simulated lunar model are calculated and compared to those from a flat layered model. The comparisons show that the effect of rough surface on brightness temperature cannot be ignored and also depends on many other factors, such as observation angle and polarizations. For vertical polarization, an optimal observation angle may exist to reduce the effect of surface roughness. These results indicate that the knowledge of lunar surface roughness is important in microwave remote sensing to the Moon and may probably provide a guide to lunar projects in future.     

跨文化培训与外语教学

笔者结合跨国公司跨国经营成败的实例，分析了跨国公司对其海外经营人员进行跨文化培训的必要性，强调大学英语教学应该培养学生跨文化交际的能力，并探讨了在实施跨文化教学过程中应注意的问题。     

过盈配合公差优化的有限元分析

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,以我厂某型号卫星天线的轴承套为实例,对其在过盈装配条件下,进行了力学分析,并研究了影响轴承套内径收缩量的各个因素,最后提出优化轴承套内径公差的方法,对提高我厂机械设计和装配工艺性效率具有实质性的指导意义。     

从广告翻译实践看中英文化差异

文化差异在翻译实践活动中普遍存在.广告翻译不仅是语言的翻译,还包含着文化上的转换.因此,在翻译广告的时候,译者必须注意这些文化元素的影响,选用适当的翻译策略.同时,从这些广告翻译策略的运用中,读者也可透视到中英两种文化的差异.     

聚酰胺解决了落压模型面的脆裂变形问题

原有的环氧塑料落压模在使用过程中模具型面脆裂变形严重.本文分析了产生脆裂变形的原因,并介绍了改用低分子聚酰胺树脂的工艺技术.这种模具已获得了良好的应用效果.     

自动多功能电缆测试仪的设计

阐述了自动多功能电缆测试仪的主要技术指标,分析了该产品的工作原理,并从硬件、软件两个方面,对实现过程进行了阐述;试用结果表明,该测试仪能够对各种电缆网自动实现测试,测试速度快,准确性高,大大提高了测试效率。