注装梯恩梯(TNT)装药冲击Hugoniot参数的实验测定

本文利用一级轻气炮实验技术，对注装梯恩梯药进行了高应变率下的动态冲击实验，对实验方法进行了改进，设计了一种新型的轻气炮延伸炮管。根据实验数据结果，得到了注装ＴＮＴ装药的冲击Ｈｕｇｏｎｉｏｔ参数。     

Observations of Photospheric Dynamics and Magnetic Fields: From Large-Scale to Small-Scale Flows

This paper reviews solar flows and magnetic fields observed at the photospheric level. We first present the context in which these observations are performed. We describe the various temporal and spatial scales involved, and the coupling between them. Then we present small-scale flows, mainly supergranulation and flows around active regions. Flows at the global scale are then reviewed, again with emphasis on the flows, i.e. differential rotation, torsional oscillation and meridional circulation. In both small- and global-scale we discuss the coupling between flow fields and magnetic field and give an overview of observational techniques. Finally, the possible connection between studies of solar activity and stellar activity is briefly discussed.     

回流焊温度曲线热容研究

本文全面的分析了回流焊温度曲线在回流焊工艺中的作用，回流焊工艺的工艺特点、影响回流焊温度曲线的各种因素。如何从热容的思想建立回流焊温度曲线的方法？如何调整温度曲线通过控制温度曲线改善工艺过程，减少回流焊工艺的缺陷？     

一种用于出舱活动的相变储热／辐射器式热沉

首先讨论了出舱活动中的各种散热方案；然后介绍了一种相变储热／辐射器式热沉。给出了闭式散热系统设计的性能要求及相变材料的选取标准和计算方法。     

利用声共振测量管件长度的研究

介绍一种利用声共振原理测量大长度管件长度的方法，通过测量管内空气的共振频率来确定管长。对这种方法的原理、数学模型进行了较为深入的分析，提出了具体的测量方案，并对系统进行了误差分析。结果表明，该方法的测量误差为±０．０５％，并可实现便携式仪器和单端测量。     

Special Technologies Related to Electron Beam Welding

In order to improve the manufacturing quality of electron beam welding,some technologies are developed by using the special features of electron beam.Comparing with the conventional electron beam welding,the usage of multi-beam technology and micro-beam technology are introduced.In addition.the development of beam diagnostic system is also presented.     

结构非线性分叉失稳的扰动策略研究

将四种经典稳定判别准则中的初始缺陷准则应用于非线性有限元分析,提出了研究非线性分叉失稳扰动策略的初始微小缺陷法,分析了初始微小缺陷法的基本思路、分析步骤和优缺点。对单元铰接穹顶结构、Williams肘形刚架和K 6型凯威特单层网壳的非线性分叉失稳现象进行了深入研究,并对Williams肘形刚架进行了稳定性试验。结果表明,初始微小缺陷法是可行的和正确的,同时也揭示了初始微小缺陷是实际结构存在非线性分叉失稳的真正原因。     

Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide

The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol⁻¹ or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO₂] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO₂]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO₂] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO₂] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO₂] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO₂. Elevated [CO₂] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO₂] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO₂ than at 1500 ppm CO₂. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO₂ enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO₂] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO₂] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO₂] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO₂-grown plants, both elevated CO₂ levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO₂] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO₂ on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO₂ levels.     

Minimum sliding mode error feedback control for fault tolerant small satellite attitude control

This paper proposes a new control strategy (which we call “minimum sliding mode error feedback control, MSMEFC”) for small satellite attitude control. As we know, the attitude control algorithm plays a significant role in the whole performance of the satellite, especially under the existence of uncertain disturbances from the space. Without loss of generality, the MSMEFC is presented based on the sliding mode theory. It is assumed that the equivalent control error is defined to offset the uncertain disturbances to improve the control performance. Hence, in order to estimate the optimal equivalent control error, a cost function is derived on the basis of the principle of minimum sliding mode error. Then, the equivalent control error wills feedback to the conventional sliding mode control to obtain the final MSMEFC. According to the theoretical analyzes, the sliding mode after the MSMEFC will approximate to the ideal sliding mode, resulting in enhancing the control performance. Moreover, an adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode is employed to compare with the performance of MSMEFC. Several simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed MSMEFC in the presence of serious perturbations, even in some fault-tolerant scenarios.     

Introduction to global short message communication service of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system

Short Message Communication (SMC) is a featured service of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). After its successful deployment in 2003, Regional Short Message Communication (RSMC) service has been continuously serving China and its neighboring countries and regions, especially in life safety scenarios. In this paper, the architecture of the Global Short Message Communication (GSMC) system is proposed based on the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation and the crosslinks of the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3). Three subtypes of GSMC service, i.e. positioning report, emergency search and rescue (SAR) and regular SMC are designed in accordance with the technical characteristic of integration of navigation and communication in BDS-3, which supports future wide applications of GSMC. The performance of the designed GSMC system is analyzed by numerical calculations. As BDS-3 was officially announced completion on July 31, 2020, GSMC has been providing initial service. First test results of the in orbit GSMC payloads are also presented in the paper to verify the designed capabilities. Preliminary results also show that the requirements of Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) can also be fulfilled.