面向时序InSAR的卫星任务规划框架设计

随着国内自主雷达卫星和差分干涉合成孔径雷达技术(D-InSAR)及衍生的时序InSAR技术的发展,以时间序列上重复观测为主的长周期形变监测的应用与日俱增。对遥感卫星地面任务规划系统来说,规划和管理大量有时序关联的重复任务,从而最大限度地满足观测要求,是提升以形变监测为使命的雷达卫星运控效率的关键。在综合考虑雷达差分干涉任务序列性、一致性、周期性特征的基础上,设计了一种面向雷达卫星时序InSAR类型任务的规划框架,旨在规划序列任务时,考虑序列整体特性,进行序列任务组间的冲突检测。基于此方法,对现有的地面任务规划系统进行了优化升级,验证了框架的有效性。结果证明:该方法可快速、自动进行序列任务冲突消解,可为长周期序列任务的规划和管理提供设计参考。     

直升机吊挂飞行中载荷摆动控制方法研究

当直升机的吊挂载荷较大时,机体和吊挂相互耦合将会影响直升机的操纵性和稳定性。飞行员对直升机的操纵会引起吊挂载荷摆动,导致直升机产生剩余振荡,飞行员处理不当极易出现飞行员诱发振荡（PIO）现象。以某直升机为研究对象,通过一些假设简化直升机吊挂模型,提出一种面向工程应用的控制方法;以显模型跟随控制方法为基础架构,结合自适应控制和输入整形技术,对控制方法进行仿真分析。结果表明：该控制方法给飞行员提供了良好的操纵性,同时能够解决吊挂飞行时存在的剩余振荡问题。     

结构刚度对翼根螺栓组载荷分布的影响

 由于静不定结构中载荷按刚度分配,对于机翼翼根采用螺栓组连接的结构,其连接螺栓承受的载荷会随结构刚度变化。为考察螺栓载荷随结构刚度的分布特点,结合某新型地效飞行器的机翼结构分析工作,在PATRAN/NASTRAN环境下对该机在翼根附近的主要结构进行了有限元建模。主要研究了因机翼剖面形状导致翼根各处刚度不一致而对螺栓载荷分配造成的影响。另外,考虑到中央翼的桁条对提高其支持刚度也会起到一定作用,因此,比较了中央翼带桁条与不带桁条两种情况下螺栓的受力特性。通过局部模型的有限元分析,总结出一些螺栓载荷的变化规律。得出的结论对于类似的地效飞行器或轻型飞机翼根连接设计具有一定参考价值。     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

激光雷达对沉潜油探测的探索*

目前,人们对于海洋沉潜油的规律研究及控制水平较低,特别是探测30m深度以内的浅海地区的沉潜油分布信息,其主要原因是缺乏快速有效的探测手段。北京遥测技术研究所开发水下探测激光雷达样机,利用激光在海水中良好的透过特性,用于对水下沉潜油的探测以及对海底等目标的高精度探测。样机完成在水池中进行水下沉潜油的模拟探测试验,对沉潜油样本的典型激光回波信号进行采集分析,并测量模拟探测深度。试验结果基本符合设计预期,为进一步提升激光雷达沉潜油探测能力打下良好基础。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

小卫星结构的发展与展望

从结构构型、结构材料、结构连接方式和结构评价指标四个方面论述了小卫星结构的发展现状,分析了小卫星球形或准球形壳体结构、箱板式卫星平台结构、框架式立方星结构、基于特殊需求的专用化结构及多功能一体化结构的特点及其适用范围,指出了未来小卫星结构通用化、小型化、专用化、多功能一体化的多元发展趋势,提出了小卫星结构材料、连接方式和评价指标方面的发展建议,旨在为小卫星结构的创新发展提供参考。     

旋转导弹等效合力在线自适应补偿方法研究

针对旋转导弹舵系统在偏转过程中出现的相位滞后和幅值畸变，给出了一种在线自适应补偿方法。介绍了旋转导弹的控制原理，并对其等效合力畸变的机理进行分析，同时对传统的补偿手段在工程实际中遇到的问题展开说明。在此基础上提出了一种不基于精确模型的等效合力自适应补偿方法，该方法利用输入信号和实际输出之间的偏差形成闭环反馈，通过合适的补偿算法实现对等效合力大小和方向的准确补偿。最后通过数字仿真对比分析，检验了该方法的有效性。     

Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.