Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

Experimental investigation of laser peening on TiAl alloy microstructure and properties

In order to study the effect of laser peening on microstructures and properties of Ti Al alloy, Ti Al alloy samples were treated by Nd:YAG laser system with the wavelength of 1064 nm,pulse-width of 18 ns, and pulse-energy of 0–10 J. Surface micro-hardness, roughness, and microstructural characteristics were tested with micro-hardness tester, roughness tester and scanning electron microscope. Residual stress and pole figures were tested with X-ray diffraction and its high-temperature stability was analyzed. The experimental results show that surface micro-hardness increases by up to 30%, roughness increases to 0.37 lm, compressive residual stress increases to 337 MPa, and local texture and typical lamellar microstructure are generated. Residual stress, micro-hardness, and(002) pole figures tests are conducted, compressive residual stress value drops from 337 MPa to 260 MPa, hardness value drops from 377 HV_(0.2) to 343 HV_(0.2), and the(002)poles shift back to the center slightly. Laser peening improves microstructure and properties of Ti Al alloy significantly.     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

小型无人涵道飞行器飞行动力学特性

为了研究无人涵道飞行器的配平特性与稳定性,首先进行了全尺寸涵道螺旋桨风洞吹风试验,分析了涵道螺旋桨的气动特性并建立了涵道螺旋桨的气动模型,在此基础上建立了无人涵道飞行器的飞行动力学数学模型,对无人涵道飞行器进行了配平特性与稳定性分析.结果表明:前飞速度与迎角对涵道螺旋桨气动特性影响很大,导致无人涵道飞行器在不同前飞速度下稳定性与操纵性变化较大.在悬停及小前飞速度下,无人涵道飞行器是一种类似倒立摆的不稳定体,而且气动阻尼较小,无人涵道飞行器的速度与姿态角发散很快,倍幅时间约为0.5s;在大前飞速度下,无人涵道飞行器的气动阻尼增加,飞行稳定性改善,但出现了纵向反操纵现象,增加了无人涵道飞行器的飞行控制难度.     

机动发射系统垂直瞄准扰动试验分析

针对机动发射竖直瞄准干扰消除问题,设计两种动特性试验获取其扰动频率及幅值;采用传统模态试验方法获取其小变形动态特性,通过释放和风激励方法获取了其晃动动态特性,分析指出非线性间隙对结构动特性影响明显。     

采用寄生单元的PIFA三频手机天线的设计

采用附加寄生单元的方式扩展频段,设计一种新型的PIFA三频手机天线。运用时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算该天线的回波损耗和方向图。仿真结果表明,天线在相应的三个工作频带(GSM900/DCS1800/ISM2450)内回波损耗S11<7.5dB(VSWR<2.5),增益大于0dB i,满足了无线通信系统对频段和带宽的要求。     

有源拖曳式诱饵的干扰样式及对抗措施探讨

有源拖曳式诱饵是一种对导弹武器系统行之有效的干扰措施,了解其可能施放的干扰信号样式,有助于研究导弹对抗有源拖曳式诱饵干扰。通过数字仿真分析,研究了不同干扰信号样式对PD导引头所造成的干扰效果,分析了导引头可采取的抗干扰措施,以及后续的研究方向。     

一种悬架式双频微带天线的设计

为满足某一特定卫星通讯系统的应用需求,提出一种带抛物面基座的悬架式双频层叠微带天线结构模型。层叠微带结构确保天线的紧凑性,外加的抛物面基座改善双频天线的低仰角性能。利用商用软件HFSS,分析双频天线的主要参数并给出结论。仿真与实测结果表明,所提出的天线结构不仅具有良好的双频圆极化性能,而且有较高的低仰角增益。