大型飞机翼面载荷测量技术浅析

飞机使用中作用在飞机上的载荷是结构设计的主要依据,但在飞机设计阶段,主要是在理论计算和风洞试验结果的基础上,根据已有飞机的设计经验进行修正、确定结构设计载荷.修正过程的理论计算和风洞试验不可能完全真实地考虑到影响飞机载荷的所有因素,由它们得到的结果是否合理,最终必须根据真实飞行试验测得的载荷和飞行参数,外推到设计载荷并重新校核结构强度,并进行载荷设计方法的验证等.     

氧化物涂层对航天器材料原子氧剥蚀的防护

采用磁控溅射方法在航天器常用材料聚酰亚胺(Kapton)表面沉积无机氧化物涂层(TiO₂和SiO₂),来提高材料的抗原子氧剥蚀性能.通过选择试验材料和参数,优化了沉积涂层的工艺,以克服容易产生裂纹的缺点.对材料进行了原子氧效应地面模拟试验,结果表明,在Kapton上沉积涂层后,质量损失下降了2个数量级.另外,有涂层的Kapton表面基本没有变化并且没有出现裂纹.其中,TiO₂由于热膨胀系数更接近Kapton,比SiO₂的防护效果更好.     

基于随机网络编码的无线报文重传最优策略

网络编码技术为无线报文重传问题研究提供了新思路.分析并证明了完全无线报文重传问题最优策略所需重传报文数量等于节点请求报文数量的最大值;基于随机网络编码技术提出了最优重传策略RNCOPT(Random Network Coding based OPTimal Scheme),其编码系数从某选定有限域中随机选取(0除外);利用网络编码矩阵重新生成机制以保证100%解码成功率;描述了RNCOPT组合报文结构及发送节点操作过程.仿真表明:当接收节点数量为30而报文总数为30时,RNCOPT相对于传统非网络编码方案节省重传报文数量可达32%,而此时现有某典型策略CliqueNC却无明显效果.     

进口速度分布对短突扩压器性能的影响

在任意曲线坐标系下,对环型燃烧室的三维流场进行了数值计算,研究了四种不同的进口速度分布对扩压器性能的影响。计算结果表明,进口速度大小和方向都对扩压器性能有重要影响,进口速度分布均匀以及方向贴近扩压器壁面,有利于提高扩压器的性能。计算中采用标准ｋ－ε双方程紊流模型,采用控制容积法进行离散,在非交错网格体系下用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ法求解     

太阳电池阵枪式微型电阻焊接系统设计与分析

太阳电池阵枪式微型电阻焊接系统,采用电阻点焊的方法,辅以自动化操作,控制系统设有机器视觉监控可实时监控焊接情况。焊后对焊点进行金相分析,焊点界面结合紧密,无局部未焊合或虚焊、微裂纹、孔洞等明显缺陷,焊点综合性能佳。该焊接系统的研制对实现太阳电池阵的高效自动化组装和焊接,提高太阳电池阵焊点的承载能力、极端温度下的力学性能、可靠性、导电性等具有重要意义。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

六维力/加工电流模糊控制电解加工间隙的方法

为了有效控制电解加工间隙,提高加工精度,以六维力和加工电流为模糊控制器输入的原始数据,结合在线检测加工间隙技术,得到测试间隙;设计控制加工间隙的二输入一输出的模糊控制器,把测试间隙与初始设定间隙形成偏差和偏差的变化量,作为模糊控制器的输入,机床主轴进给速度作为模糊控制器输出;在Matlab的Simulink模块中,通过对电解加工系统和模糊控制器组成的联合模型进行仿真试验,并调整加工间隙的初始设定值,得到结论:模糊控制电解加工过程稳定,鲁棒性好,加工过程很快达到平衡状态;在0.2～0.7 mm的加工间隙范围,随着加工间隙的增大,模糊控制器的超调量减小,控制效果好.     

二维翼型非定常运动的涡流场显示--2俯仰运动和沉浮/俯仰联合运动

介绍了在水洞中进行的二维机翼纯俯仰运动和沉浮/俯仰联合运动时的流动显示实验.实验结果揭示了机翼做纯俯仰运动时尾迹涡街的特性以及与Strouhal数(Ste)的关系.在Ste=0.105附近,涡街排列成一条线;大于该值,为逆Karman涡街;小于该值,为正Karman涡街.机翼做沉浮/俯仰联合运动时,尾迹中总是出现逆Karman涡街.结合数值计算结果说明,机翼做沉浮/俯仰联合运动时,推力及最大有效迎角与沉浮和俯仰运动之间的相位差有关.并讨论了前缘涡与后缘涡相互作用对推力的影响.     

高速铣削系统稳定性动态优化新方法

考虑铣削过程中的自激振动和强迫振动,基于延迟微分方程的稳定性判定准则和强迫振动共振区的半带宽理论,提出一种铣削系统稳定性动态优化新方法.该方法通过选择切削参数和修改系统结构参数,在保证加工表面精度的前提下,获得大的稳定性材料去除率.其目标函数是材料去除率,约束条件是铣削过程稳定且非共振,动态优化变量是铣削系统的切削参数和结构参数.优化程序被阐明,实例分析结果显示,系统在稳定非共振条件下,加工时的材料去除率相比于优化前提高了18.86%.另外,为获得最大的稳定材料去除率和较好的表面精度,在铣削系统优化过程中,应同时考虑颤振稳定性和共振的影响.     

产品研制和批产阶段可靠性问题分析

从产品研制和批产阶段暴露的与可靠性相关的故障入手,对目前产品在这两个阶段存在的一些问题进行了分析,并根据分析结果提出解决方法和改进建议.