用热流探针测量激波速度

激波速度测量是激波管和激波风洞运行状态的一个重要参数,压电传感器或光学方法测速系统成本高,而传统电离探针在激波马赫数较低、波后温度达不到空气电离程度的情况下无法满足实验要求。提出了一种使用同轴热电偶作为测速探针来测激波速度的方法,弥补了电离探针在激波马赫数较低时的不足。介绍了同轴热电偶探针测速原理,并设计了测量激波速度的系统电路。通过信号放大电路锁定激波冲激信号,触发脉冲信号发生电路,实现了一种单通道、多测点的激波风洞测速系统。分别开展以温度与热流为触发信号的风洞实验,结果表明只有使用热流信号才能满足激波测速的时间要求。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

转捩模型在翼型气动性能预测 中的应用研究

边界层转捩位置的准确预测对于提高飞行器气动性能的预测精度具有重要意义.选取与k-ω SST湍流模型相耦合的γ-Reθt模型,以零压力梯度平板为研究对象,通过求解基于有限体积法的雷诺平均N-S方程验证该模型自动捕捉流动转捩的准确性;将该模型应用于传统有压力梯度的NACA 0012翼型的流场特性和气动性能的研究中,并与原始k-ω SST模型的计算结果及全湍流试验数据进行比较.结果表明:远场边界距离对翼型阻力系数有较大的影响;与无转捩模型相比,γ-Reθt转捩模型对翼型阻力系数的预测精度有一定程度的提高;对于二维模型,γ-Reθt转捩模型难以捕捉翼型表面的三维效应和非定常分离特性.     

CATIA三维几何造型系统在直升机结构零件设计中的应用

本文主要通过与美国西科斯基公司联合进行S—92的尾斜梁的设计,介绍在直升机结构件设计中应用CATIA软件的设计方法及经验与体会。     

复合材料工艺的适航审定

阐述并解析了运输类飞机适航规章对结构制造方法的内在要求,介绍了复合材料工艺适航审查的流程、验证级别、验证所需考虑的要素,以及为表明对适航规章的符合性,复合材料工艺规范应包含的必要组成部分以及各部分的编制要求。     

民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件适用性研究

飞行试验是民机研制的重要手段,也是飞机取得适航证的必经过程。随着现代大型民用飞机的设计越来越复杂,试飞制约因素越来越多样,任务量越来越庞大。试飞成为制约型号进度和研制成本的重要因素。对于试飞工作者而言,必须采用科学的方法对试飞任务进行合理规划和管理。为此,国内某飞机设计研究院历时三年,开发了一款用于试飞任务管理的软件——民用飞机试飞规划与管理软件(Flight Test Control System,简称FTCS)。以国内某型号飞机试飞为例,对FTCS的适用性进行了分析和评估,为FTCS的应用和发展提供建议。     

现代喷气战斗机的发动机安装设计

发动机安装设计是飞机设计的一项重要工作,战斗机的发动机安装设计工作尤为重要且任务复杂.本文在收集整理大量文献资料的基础上,概述现代战斗机发动机的安装设汁,重点剖析了国外八个型号战斗机的发动机安装设计实例,比较各型战机的发动机安装设计异同,包括安装形式设计和安装节等结构部件的细节设计等.通过实例剖析和异同比较,有助于深入理解发动机安装设计的特点和规律,发展我国有自身特色的发动机安装设计解决方案.     

航空发动机推力测量台架原理误差分析

为研究影响航空发动机推力测量台架系统原理误差的因素及作用,针对发动机弹簧片支撑式推力测量台架,以推力偏心假设为基础建立其力学模型,采用理论分析和仿真验证相结合的方法对某试车台架进行原理误差分析.在给定条件下,台架在竖直平面和水平面内的角偏心远小于推力角偏心,并不会对推力测量造成显著影响,台架结构变形引起的角偏心也很小.相比之下,原理误差影响最大的因素依次为推力角偏心、热变形和弹阻力,原理误差分别为0.38％、0.16％和0.04％,应加以控制.当推力偏心量造成的原理误差不能满足精度指标时,需采用原位加载系统或者矢量推力测量台架来评估.     

基于NESO的高超声速拦截弹解耦控制研究

针对高超声速拦截弹姿态控制问题,提出了基于非线性扩张状态观测器(NESO)的解耦控制方法.根据Tornambe的分散鲁棒控制理论,把耦合项和不确定性视为广义不确定项,构造基于NESO的估计和补偿信号并加入到闭环控制律中.理论推导证明了该方法可以保证闭环系统跟踪误差一致有界.在高超声速拦截弹模型上进行了仿真验证,并与传统的分通道反馈控制方法进行对比,结果表明所设计解耦控制方法得到了更好的控制效果,在较大程度上消除了通道耦合和不确定性的影响.