现代喷气战斗机的发动机安装设计

发动机安装设计是飞机设计的一项重要工作,战斗机的发动机安装设计工作尤为重要且任务复杂.本文在收集整理大量文献资料的基础上,概述现代战斗机发动机的安装设汁,重点剖析了国外八个型号战斗机的发动机安装设计实例,比较各型战机的发动机安装设计异同,包括安装形式设计和安装节等结构部件的细节设计等.通过实例剖析和异同比较,有助于深入理解发动机安装设计的特点和规律,发展我国有自身特色的发动机安装设计解决方案.     

航空发动机推力测量台架原理误差分析

为研究影响航空发动机推力测量台架系统原理误差的因素及作用,针对发动机弹簧片支撑式推力测量台架,以推力偏心假设为基础建立其力学模型,采用理论分析和仿真验证相结合的方法对某试车台架进行原理误差分析.在给定条件下,台架在竖直平面和水平面内的角偏心远小于推力角偏心,并不会对推力测量造成显著影响,台架结构变形引起的角偏心也很小.相比之下,原理误差影响最大的因素依次为推力角偏心、热变形和弹阻力,原理误差分别为0.38％、0.16％和0.04％,应加以控制.当推力偏心量造成的原理误差不能满足精度指标时,需采用原位加载系统或者矢量推力测量台架来评估.     

基于NESO的高超声速拦截弹解耦控制研究

针对高超声速拦截弹姿态控制问题,提出了基于非线性扩张状态观测器(NESO)的解耦控制方法.根据Tornambe的分散鲁棒控制理论,把耦合项和不确定性视为广义不确定项,构造基于NESO的估计和补偿信号并加入到闭环控制律中.理论推导证明了该方法可以保证闭环系统跟踪误差一致有界.在高超声速拦截弹模型上进行了仿真验证,并与传统的分通道反馈控制方法进行对比,结果表明所设计解耦控制方法得到了更好的控制效果,在较大程度上消除了通道耦合和不确定性的影响.     

转捩模型在翼型气动性能预测 中的应用研究

边界层转捩位置的准确预测对于提高飞行器气动性能的预测精度具有重要意义.选取与k-ω SST湍流模型相耦合的γ-Reθt模型,以零压力梯度平板为研究对象,通过求解基于有限体积法的雷诺平均N-S方程验证该模型自动捕捉流动转捩的准确性;将该模型应用于传统有压力梯度的NACA 0012翼型的流场特性和气动性能的研究中,并与原始k-ω SST模型的计算结果及全湍流试验数据进行比较.结果表明:远场边界距离对翼型阻力系数有较大的影响;与无转捩模型相比,γ-Reθt转捩模型对翼型阻力系数的预测精度有一定程度的提高;对于二维模型,γ-Reθt转捩模型难以捕捉翼型表面的三维效应和非定常分离特性.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

一种减少失速保护虚警率的混合滤波方法

针对飞机失速保护设计过程中易出现虚警的情况,提出一种基于FIR和传统滤波器相结合的混合滤波方法。结合飞机本体的运动特征,对参与失速保护逻辑运算的两个重要参数,即侧向加速度和迎角信号进行频率分析,基于信号的特征设计混合滤波器,然后采用Simulink滤波工具箱设计滤波器对信号进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明该方法能够减少虚警率的发生,特别是大背景噪声下的虚警率能够得到较好抑制,验证了滤波器设计正确性,从而提高失速保护功能对适航条款符合性。该滤波器设计方法,不但可以有效解决本文提到的问题,对于其他涉及信号处理的系统设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

民用飞机燃油箱点燃防护设计研究

通过研究燃油箱点燃防护适航要求的发展历程,基于对最新适航条款要求的分析和理解及燃油箱点燃防护机理分析,归纳总结了适用于民用飞机燃油箱点燃防护的设计措施,包括点火源防护、减少燃油蒸气和加装惰化系统,为民用飞机燃油箱点燃防护设计和适航验证提供借鉴和参考。     

浅谈基于IPDT的民用飞机重量控制技术

在民机研制过程中,有效地实施重量控制对于项目的成功非常关键。飞机超重不仅会导致设计和运营成本的增加,也将无法实现既定的商载和航程等设计指标。从各部门与重量控制工作的联系出发,结合某型民用飞机的设计实践,介绍了产品联合研发团队(IPDT)模式下重量控制的工作内容、工作流程和常用的减重方法,为民机的重量控制工作提供借鉴和参考。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

二元双喉道射流推力矢量喷管流动参数影响的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了不同流动参数对二元双喉道射流推力矢量喷管(Dual-throat fluidic Thrust-vectoring Nozzle,DTN)内流特性和推力矢量控制效果的影响。结果表明,DTN在非推力矢量情况下,NPR在3~4范围时,推力系数较大,达到0.968,而流量系数较小,仅为0.93;NPR再增大,推力系数迅速下降。在推力矢量情况下,落压比一定时,随着次流流量比的增加,推力矢量角增加,而流量系数、推力系数、推力矢量效率减小;次流流量比一定时,随着落压比的增加,推力矢量角减小,系统推力系数先增加后减小,流量系数略微增加。