一种新的蠕变持久可靠性方程

高可靠度的蠕变持久方程是高温机械设备设计和寿命评估的重要依据, 但是, 根据现行方法得出的蠕变持久可靠性方程无法满足预定的置信度和可靠度的要求, 导致其预测的蠕变持久强度和使用寿命过大, 使高温机械在实际使用中偏于危险。本文发现并纠正了现行方法中的错误, 建立了一种新的蠕变持久可靠性方程, 根据该方程可以准确地预测高置信度和高可靠度的蠕变持久强度和使用寿命。      

交交自控同步电动机的低速工作特性及其改进

 本文在分析交交型自控同步电动机低速借电源电压实现电机换相的基础上,提出了进一步提高电机过载能力和扩大低速工作转速范围的原理和方案。经计算机仿真和实验验证,证明了原理的正确性,为进一步开发此型电机低速工作领域打下了良好的基础。     

Initial observations of low energy charged particles near the Earth's bow shock on ISEE-1

We report initial measurements from the ULECA sensor of the Max-Planck-Institut/University of Maryland experiment on ISEE-1. ULECA is an electrostatic deflection — total energy sensor consisting of a collimator, deflection analyzer and an array of solid state detectors. The position of a given detector, which determines the energy per charge of an incident particle, together with the measured energy determine the particle's charge state. We find that a rich variety of phenomena are operative in the transthermal energy regime (10 keV/Q to 100 keV/Q) covered by ULECA. Specifically, we present observations of locally accelerated protons, alpha particles, and heavier ions in the magnetosheath and upstream of the Earth's bow shock. Preliminary analysis indicates that the behavior of these locally accelerated particles is most similar at the same energy per charge.     

Coronal Observations of CMEs

CMEs have been observed for over 30 years with a wide variety of instruments. It is now possible to derive detailed and quantitative information on CME morphology, velocity, acceleration and mass. Flares associated with CMEs are observed in X-rays, and several different radio signatures are also seen. Optical and UV spectra of CMEs both on the disk and at the limb provide velocities along the line of sight and diagnostics for temperature, density and composition. From the vast quantity of data we attempt to synthesize the current state of knowledge of the properties of CMEs, along with some specific observed characteristics that illuminate the physical processes occurring during CME eruption. These include the common three-part structures of CMEs, which is generally attributed to compressed material at the leading edge, a low-density magnetic bubble and dense prominence gas. Signatures of shock waves are seen, but the location of these shocks relative to the other structures and the occurrence rate at the heights where Solar Energetic Particles are produced remains controversial. The relationships among CMEs, Moreton waves, EIT waves, and EUV dimming are also cloudy. The close connection between CMEs and flares suggests that magnetic reconnection plays an important role in CME eruption and evolution. We discuss the evidence for reconnection in current sheets from white-light, X-ray, radio and UV observations. Finally, we summarize the requirements for future instrumentation that might answer the outstanding questions and the opportunities that new space-based and ground-based observatories will provide in the future.     

无纬碳布增强针刺毡C/C复合材料性能的研究

比较了几种不同工艺制备的针刺毡C/C复合材料。对针刺碳毡织物首先进行预增密处理,得到初始密度和碳纤维含量较高的坯料,然后用树脂浸渍法进一步致密化。研究表明,用该方法制备的C/C复合材料比未经预处理的试样,拉伸强度提高39%,压缩强度提高14%,层间剪切强度提高36%。通过SEM观察和常温力学性能的测试,分析表明工艺的改进是强度提高的主要原因。     

Al2O3/hBN自润滑复合材料的制备及显微结构分析

以Al2O3为陶瓷基体,hBN为固润滑组元添加剂,在N2保护下烧成,制得了Al2O3/hBN自润滑复合陶瓷,通过SEM、EDS、XRD等分析探讨了固润滑组元的引入量、添加助熔剂及常压和热压两种烧成条件下材料显微结构的变化。结果表明,hBN引入量为10%时已有足够的量均匀分散在基体中;相同烧成温度下,热压过程中施加的压力可以破坏hBN的卡片房式结构,伴随液相的出现有利于hBN的定向排列,获得了结构致密的自润滑复合陶瓷材料。     

曲面不锈钢/微晶玻璃层状复合材料的设计制备

设计制备了与1Cr17和0Cr18Ni9不锈钢匹配的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS)系和BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(BAS)系微晶玻璃,研究了微晶玻璃的各项理化性能。利用流延法制备微晶玻璃生带,以此制备符合曲面不锈钢/微晶玻璃层状复合材料,并对复合材料相关性能进行测试。结果表明,所设计制备的玻璃经850℃、30min热处理后可形成线胀系数与对应不锈钢匹配的微晶玻璃,且具有适宜弯曲强度和较低介电常数、介质损耗;由此制备的曲面不锈钢/微晶玻璃层状复合材料具有良好的绝缘性能、结合强度和抗热冲击性能。     

硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度的测试与研究

设计了一种单纤维拔出试样制备方法,分析了单根硼纤维拔出特性;同时采用该方法分别测试了四种硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度。固化剂采用异佛尔酮二胺(IPDA)的硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度比采用二乙烯三胺(DETA)的提高了44.7%;采用液体丁腈橡胶(LNBR)改性环氧树脂的硼纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度提高了97.7%~135%。     

飞行器尖化前缘的热结构特性

在分析尖化前缘热环境特性的基础上,给出了尖化前缘相应的热结构特性的计算和分析,分析结果表明：尖化前缘热流密度在2～3个自由程内下降到原来的1/3,而表面温度仅有10%的下降;高热导率的防热材料可降低前缘的最高表面温度,对非烧蚀热防护十分有利,它还可提高后部的表面温度,增加辐射散热的力度,这是非烧蚀热防护的重要机制.     

Nafion/金属的制备及电形变性能研究

采用化学沉积工艺和电镀工艺分别在Nafion表面制备了具有Ag电极和Ni-Ag电极的离子聚合物金属复合材料（IPMC）,并采用SEM和EDS分别对IPMC电极形貌及纵切面银元素分布进行了分析.结果显示具有Ni-Ag电极的IPMC中镍元素均匀且致密分布在复合膜表面,形成了一层较厚的双金属电极层;微观形貌观察显示银电极呈树枝状结构生长,金属银在Nafion膜内部呈梯度分布;电形变实验表明IPMC在1.25 V负载电压下,其电形变最大角度可达46°;失水实验表明在IPMC表面涂装一层密封油能有效减缓其失水率.